
📘 英语语法笔记(完整保留版)
一、代词系统
1. 主格、宾格、所有格
| 中文意思 | 主格 (作主语) | 宾格 (作宾语) | 所有格 (表示“的”) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 我 | I | me | my |
| 你/你们 | you | you | your |
| 他 | he | him | his |
| 她 | she | her | her |
| 它 | it | it | its |
| 我们 | we | us | our |
| 他们/她们/它们 | they | them | their |
指示代词:
- 这个(单数):this
- 这些(复数):these
- 那个(单数):that
- 那些(复数):those
- 那里:there
一个简单的比喻: 想象“我送给她一本书”
- 主格 (我):动作的发起者
- 宾格 (她):动作的承受者
- 所有格 (我的):东西的归属者
详细解释
1. 主格 - 动作的“发起者” (主语)
- 在句子中做主语,是动作的执行者
- 通常位于句首,动词之前
- 例句:I love you. She is a teacher.
2. 宾格 - 动作的“承受者” (宾语)
- 在句子中做宾语,是动作的承受对象
- 通常位于动词之后,或介词之后
- 例句:I love you.(动词后)This book is for us.(介词后)
3. 所有格 - 事物的“主人” (表示“的”)
- 表示所属关系,意思是“谁的”
- 永远放在名词前面,修饰那个名词
- 例句:This is my book. Her mother is kind.
终极判断方法:
- 主格:谁在做动作? → She loves him.
- 宾格:动作作用于谁? → She loves him.
- 所有格:谁的东西? → She loves his dog.
注意: it 可替代物体、时间、天气等
二、动词系统
英语动词用法核心规则
一、Be动词规则
| 主语类型 | 动词形式 |
|---|---|
| I (我) | am |
| You (你/你们) | are |
| He/She/It (他/她/它) / 单数名词 | is |
| We/They (我们/他们) / 复数名词 | are |
总结:看主语选 am, is, are
二、实义动词规则(一般现在时)
| 主语类型 | 动词形式 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 非三单 (I, You, We, They, 复数名词) | 动词原形 | They work here. |
| 三单 (He, She, It, 单数名词) | 动词 + s/es | He works here. |
“三单”加s的规则:
- 大多数动词:直接加 -s (like → likes)
- 以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾:加 -es (teach → teaches, go → goes)
- 以辅音字母+y结尾:变y为i,再加 -es (study → studies)
三、时态系统
1. 一般现在时
用法: 经常的状态、习惯的动作、客观真理
结构:
- 状态:主语 + is/am/are + 表语
- 动作:主语 + 动词(注意三单变化)
这里冬天经常是雪天 It's often snowy in winter here.
这里冬天经常下雪 It often snow in winter here.
2. 现在进行时
用法: 表示现在正在进行的动作
结构: 主语 + is/am/are + 动词-ing
动词-ing构成规则(拼写注意事项):
| 规则 | 动词原形 | 动词-ing形式 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 一般情况 | look, play, do | looking, playing, doing | 直接加 -ing |
| 以不发音的-e结尾 | make, write, dance | making, writing, dancing | 去 -e,再加 -ing |
| 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母 | run, sit, swim, put | running, sitting, swimming, putting | 双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ing |
| 以 -ie 结尾 | lie, die, tie | lying, dying, tying | 变 -ie 为 -y,再加 -ing |
| 以 -c 结尾 | picnic, panic | picnicking, panicking | 先在-c后加-k,再加 -ing |
特别注意: 双写规则关键是“重读闭音节”(辅音+元音+辅音且重读)
3. 一般将来时(be going to结构)
用法: 表示计划、打算要做的事
结构: 主语 + is/am/are + going to + 动词原形
注意事项:
- 主 + is/am/are + going to + 动词原型
- 主 + is/am/are + going to + 地点名词
主 + is/am/are + going to be + 非动词(形容词、名词等)
- 我打算两点到那:I am going to be there at two.
- 他打算成为一名医生:He is going to be a doctor.
口语中 going to 常简化为 gonna /ˈɡənə/
疑问句和否定句:
- 疑问:be提前 → Is she going to swim?
- 否定:be + not → She is not going to swim.
四、疑问句系统
1. 一般疑问句
功能: 用于询问“是”或“否”的问题
构成: 将 be 动词 (is, am, are) 提前至句首
| 陈述句 | 一般疑问句 |
|---|---|
| This is your name. | Is this your name? |
| I am great. | Am I great? |
| You are my friend. | Are you my friend? |
翻译练习:
- 你是 Sam 吗? → Are you Sam?
- 这是你的朋友吗? → Is this your friend?
2. 特殊疑问句
4.1 What... (什么)
结构1: 特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + 名词/代词/其他
- 你的工作是什么? → What is your job?
- 你的车牌号是什么? → What is your car number?
结构2: 特殊疑问词 + 名词 + be 动词 + 主语
- What color is your umbrella?(你的雨伞是什么颜色?)
- What make is your car?(你的车是什么牌子?)
- What time is it?(几点了?)
- What nationality are you?(你是什么国籍?)
注意: 只有nationality可以两种结构互换,其他三个(color/make/time)只能用第二种结构
4.2 How... (怎么样,如何)
基本结构: 特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + 名词/代词/其他
- How are you?(你好吗?)
- How is your uncle?(你的叔叔怎么样?)
How to + 动词? (如何做...?)
- How to open it?(如何打开它?)
- How to use it?(如何使用它?)
问候与回应:
- 问: How are you (today)? / How are you doing today?
- 答: Fine. Thank you, and you? / Great. / Not bad. / Very bad.
4.3 Whose... (谁的)
两种结构都可以用:
结构1: 特殊疑问词 + 名词 + be 动词 + ...
- Whose shirt is that?(那是谁的衬衫?)
结构2: 特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + 名词
- Whose is that shirt?(那个衬衫是谁的?)
4.4 Who... (谁)
只能使用: 特殊疑问词 + be动词 + 名词
- Who is this man?(这人是谁?)
- Who are these men?(这些人是谁?)
4.5 Which... (哪一个,哪一些)
- Which + 单数名词:表示哪个
- Which + 复数名词:表示哪些
两种结构都可以用:
- Which is your car?(哪一辆是你的车?)
- Which car is yours?(哪一辆车是你的?)
4.6 Where... (哪里)
结构: 特殊疑问词 + be 动词 + 名词
- Where are you?(你在哪?)
- Where is your mother?(你妈妈在哪?)
4.7 Why... (为什么)
- Why do you want to come to China?(你为什么想来中国?)
五、否定句系统
功能: 表达否定
构成: be 动词 + not
| 陈述句 | 否定句 | 缩写形式 |
|---|---|---|
| This is my name. | This is not my name. | |
| This is my car. | This is not my car. | This isn't my car. |
| I am a teacher. | I am not a teacher. | I 'm not a teacher. |
| They are my books. | They are not my books. | They aren't my books. |
缩写形式:
- is not = isn't
- am not = 'm not(注意:无"amn't"的形式)
- are not = aren't
否定词详细规则
一、Don't 和 Doesn't (用于否定实义动词)
| 主语 | 否定词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They / 复数名词 | don't (do not) | I don't like coffee. They don't live here. |
| He / She / It / 单数名词 (三单) | doesn't (does not) | He doesn't speak Chinese. She doesn't have a car. |
核心记忆口诀: 有“动”用 do/does,三单用 does,非三用 do。
二、Not (用于否定系动词、情态动词等)
| 否定的对象 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 系动词 (am/is/are) | am/is/are + not | I am not tired. She is not a student. |
| 情态动词 (can, will, must...) | 情态动词 + not | I cannot swim. He will not come. |
| 助动词 (have, has, had) | 助动词 + not | I have not finished. She has not seen it. |
| 不定式、动名词等 | not + to do / doing | Try not to be late. I regret not going. |
三、快速决策树:
看句子核心动词:
- 如果是 实义动词 (like, live, work...) → 用 don't / doesn't
- 如果是 be动词/情态动词 → 用 not
六、名词系统
1. 可数名词复数变化规则
规则变化:
一般的名词 + s
- a girl → girls, a coat → coats
以s、sh、x、ch结尾的词 + es /iz/
- a bus → buses, a box → boxes
以f、fe结尾变f、fe为ves /vz/
- a wife → wives, a shelf → shelves
土豆、西红柿、黑人、英雄 + es /z/
- a potato → potatoes, a tomato → tomatoes
- 规则:以o结尾有生命加es,其他+s
辅音字母 + y结尾的名词,变y为i + es /iz/
- a baby → babies, a lady → ladies
注意: 腿部以下的物品都是复数,做主语用are(如:shoes, pants, socks等)
不规则名词:
- man → men, woman → women
- foot → feet, tooth → teeth
- child → children /ˈtʃɪldrən/
- sheep → sheep(单复数一样), fish → fish(单复数一样)
2. 不可数名词
特点:
- 前面不可以加one two three
- 前面不可以加a an
- 后面不可以加s,永远是单数
分类:
- 液体状东西:water, tea, coffee, milk, beer
- 物质名词:soap, gold
- 抽象名词:love, friendship, anger
- 无法计算:work, homework, rice, rain
量词搭配:
- a loaf of bread(一条面包)/loʊf/
- a bar of soap(一块肥皂)
- a bottle of cola(一瓶可乐)
- a pound of sugar(一磅糖)/paʊnd/
- half a pound of...(半磅)/hæf/
- a quarter of ...(四分之一)/ˈkwɔːrtər/
- a piece of bread(一片面包)/piːs/
- a cup of coffee(一杯咖啡)
- a spoon of sugar(一勺糖)
3. 冠词 (Articles)
概念: 用于名词前,相当于名词的"帽子"
| 冠词 | 含义 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| a/an | 一个、一间、一台... | 不定冠词,表示不确定、泛指 |
| the | 这、那、这些、那些 | 定冠词,表示确定、特指 |
a 和 an 的区别:
- an + 以元音发音开头的单词:an egg, an orange, an hour
- a + 以辅音发音开头的单词:a car, a house, a university
用法规则:
- 初次出现,不了解,不确定,用不定冠词
- 再次出现,了解了,确定了,用定冠词the
特殊情况(通常不加冠词): 国家、国籍、人名、城市名
- I am from China. I like Beijing.
七、介词系统
常用介词及用法
on(在...上面)
- The book on the desk(桌子上的那本书)→ 介词短语修饰名词
- The book is on the desk.(这本书在桌子上)→ 加动词构成句子
in(在...里面)
- The money in the bag(包里的钱)→ 短语
- The money is in the bag.(钱在包里)→ 句子
拓展:
- in love(恋爱):He is in love.
- in + 语言(用...):Please speak in English.
- in + 颜色(穿着...颜色的衣服):The girl in the red
- in cash(使用现金):pay in cash
- in the rain(冒雨):They walk in the rain
with(和...在一起)
- 人与人、人与物、物与物
- He is with his new girlfriend.(他和他的新女朋友在一起)
- The house with a swimming pool(带着游泳池的房子)
across(穿过...)
- He is going across the grass.(他正穿过那片草地)→ 注意: across是介词,需加动词
over(跨越、上方)
between(在...之间)
- 只能表示两者之间:between A and B
- The lady is between her daughter and her friend.
- just between you and me(天知地知,你知我知)
along(沿着)
- We are driving along the main road.
into(进入)
- I come into the bedroom.(我进入到了房间)
of(属于)
- 一般表示没有生命的东西,倒着说
- the photo of my school(我学校的照片)
- the name of the song(这首歌的名字)
beside(在...的旁边)
- There is a bed table beside the bed.
off(离开)
- turn off(关掉), take off(脱掉), drive off(开走), jump off(跳离)
for
- 核心功能:建立“指向性”的关联
- 为了...某人而...:It's for you.
- 对于某人来说...:Math is so difficult for me.
- 表原因:What are you sorry for?
无需翻译,介词+时间/地点
in + 月、季、年
in + 地点(相对较大)
- It's clod in winter 冬天非常冷
- It's very marm in March
- It's often rainy in summer 夏天经常是雨天
- I am going to travel in the South Pole in 2026 我打算2026年去南极旅行
- It is cold in Beijing in winter.
重要区分
in front of vs. in the front of:
- in front of: 在外部的前面(两个物体分开)
- in the front of: 在内部的前面(在同一物体内部)
八、常用句型结构
1. 简单句的5种基本句型
- 主 + 谓 (Subject + Verb)
- 主 + 谓 + 宾 (Subject + Verb + Object)
- 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾 (Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object)
- 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 (Subject + Verb + Object + Object Complement)
- 主 + 系 + 表 (Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative)
2. There be 句型
构成: There be(is,are)+ 地点
用法: 表示存在(某处有某物)
分类:
- There is... + 单数名词
- There are... + 复数名词
就近原则: There is a table and four chairs.(a table是单数,所以用is)
翻译: There is one in my heart.(我心里有一个人)
三组对话的核心语法对比表
| 名词类型 | 疑问句典型结构 | 肯定回答中的量词/代词 | 核心区别与规则 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 可数名词单数 | Is there a/an...? | one | 用 one 指代问句中提到的单个物品。 |
| 不可数名词 | Is there any...? | some | 问句用 any,肯定回答换为 some。 |
| 可数名词复数 | Are there any...? | some | 问句用 any,肯定回答换为 some;be动词用are。 |
3. 双宾语结构
结构: 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
常见动词: give, show, teach, send, buy
两种表达方式:
- give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
- I give some money to him = I give him some money
- I show my new car to him = I show him my new car
4. 祈使句
功能: 表示命令、请求、建议
结构:
- 表示命令:动词原型+...(Shut the door.)
- 表示请求:please+动词原型+...(Please give it to me.)
- 表示建议:Let's+动词原型+...(Let's go, OK?)
Be careful结构: be + 非动词(形容词、介词、名词等)
- Be happy!(要开心哦)
- Be here!(就待在这哦)
- Be a good boy!(要做个好孩子啊)
5. What about...? 句型
用法:
- 反问:I am a teacher. What about you?
- 提议:I want rice. What about you?
- 表示关切:What about your homework?
6. What are you going to do with...?
你打算怎么处理...?
- What are you going to do with the old books?(你打算怎么处理这些旧书?)
九、形容词与副词
形容词用法
- 修饰名词:a beautiful girl
- 作表语:She is beautiful.
副词用法
功能: 修饰 adj. / v. / adv.
- 修饰adj:I am very tired
- 修饰v.:I love you very much, I swim well
- 修饰adv:He runs very quickly
副词的位置: 通常情况,形前动后
- I am very tired(very修饰形容词tired,放在形容词前面)
- I swim well(well修饰动词swim,放在动词后面)
特殊词:hard
- 形容词:hard work(艰苦的工作)
- 副词:work hard(努力地工作)
...and... 结构(又...又...)
- Tired and thirsty(又累又渴)
- Beautiful and kind(美丽又善良)
- Tall, rich and handsome(高富帅)
频率副词
sometimes 有时,频率副词
十、量词与数量表达
Some / Any 用法
| 词 | 用法 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| some | 1. 肯定句中表示"一些" 2. 疑问句中表请求/建议 3. 加单数名词表"某一" | I have some books. Would you like some tea? Some day you'll understand. |
| any | 1. 疑问句/否定句中表示"一些" 2. 加单数名词表"任意" | Do you have any money? You can buy it at any store. |
Some + 复数名词/不可数名词:
- some books(一些书)
- some water(一些水)
- some students(一些学生)
数字表达
在‘hundred’之后,只要后面跟着的不是‘零零’(即十位和个位不都是0),就必须用‘and’连接。
基数词:
- 1-10: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten
- 11-19: eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
- 20-90: twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
- 100: one hundred, 1000: one thousand,10000:ten thousand
连字符使用: twenty-one(21), thirty-six(36), fifty-seven(57)
89’691 eighty-two thousand six hundred and ninety-one
百位以上:
- 236: two hundred and thirty-six
- 1,423: one thousand four hundred and twenty-three
十一、情态动词
概念: 表示情感、态度
包括: can, must, may...
用法: + 动词,且原形
特点: 没有人称和数的变化
例句:
- She can read it.
- He can do it.
- They can swim.
疑问句: 情态动词提前
- Can he read it?
- Can he do it?
否定形式:
- can → can't = cannot
- must → mustn't(禁止) = must not / don't need to(不必)
- may → may not
具体情态动词:
can
- 可以吗?Can you...? Can she...?
- Can you help me?(你能帮我吗?)
- Can he do it?(他可以做这事吗?)
- Can I help you?(我能帮助你吗?)→ No thanks / Yes please
- Can't wait!(快点说吧)
- I can't help(没法子!)
- Can you give me a hand?(你可以搭把手帮个忙吗?)
must
- What must I do?(我该干什么?)
- What must I say / read / clean...?(我该说/读/打扫什么?)
- Where must I go / live / stay...?(我该去/住/暂住哪里?)
- Who must I meet / love / invite?(我该见/爱/邀请谁呢?)
十二、动词相关结构
1. 双动词结构
- 我喜欢踢足球:I like playing football
- 我喜欢开车:I like driving
- 我想买一辆新车:I want to buy a new car
- 我想开车:I want to drive
2. Come and... 结构(过来...)
- Come and see it.(过来看它)
- Come and meet my Mom.(过来见我的妈妈)
- Come and have a drink.(过来喝一杯)
3. Look at / See 区别
Look at(看):
- 含义: 有意识地、主动地将视线投向某物,强调"看"的动作
- 用法: 及物动词短语,后接宾语 look at something
- 注意: 看人时,
at后面接宾格:Look at me/him/her.
See(看见):
- 含义: 视觉信息自然地、被动地进入眼睛,强调"看"的结果和能力
- 用法: 及物动词,后直接接宾语 see something/someone
核心区别:
Look at强调看的动作(可能还没看见)See强调看的结果(已经看见了)- Can you see it?(你能看得见吗?)
- Can you look at it?(你能看一下吗?)
4. Give 给
后面接人称代词宾格形式:
- give me / her / him / them / us
- Give me the book.(把那本书给我)
- Give him the pen.(把钢笔给他)
5. 实义动词疑问/否定(Do用法)
实义动词疑问句: Do + 主语 + 动词原形
- Do you like coffee?
- Do you want any sugar?
- Do you eat breakfast?
否定句: do not + 动词原形
- I don't like coffee.
- I don't like milk in my coffee.(我不喜欢咖啡里加牛奶)
对比:
- Are they + 形容词/名词/介词... → 一般疑问句:be+... / 否定句:They are not +...
- 实义动词疑问句 → Do + 动词原形 / 否定句:do not + 动词原形
6. wait for...(等待...)
- wait for me(等等我)
十三、代词 One / Ones
One(单数)
- the blue coat = the blue one
- the short girl = the short one
- I like the cheap one.(我喜欢便宜的那个)
当两个人知道谈论的是什么的时候,one就可以代表所指示的东西(单数)
Ones(复数)
- I like the red coats = I like the red ones.(我喜欢红色的那些外套)
十四、Here 系列结构
Here + 主语 + be/一般动词
- It is here. = Here it is.(它在这儿)
- 我在这:I am here = Here I am.
- 他在这:He is here = Here he is.
- 咱开始吧:Here we go...
- 它们在这:They are here = Here they are.(也可以表示"给你")
Here they are / Here it is / Here you are 区别
| 短语 | 核心释义 | 关键区别与典型场景 |
|---|---|---|
| Here they are. | 它们在这儿。给你(多个物品)。 | 针对复数物品。 • 场景1 (寻找):A: "我的眼镜呢?" B: (拿着眼镜) "Here they are." • 场景2 (递交):(端上两盘菜) "Here they are." |
| Here it is. | 它在这儿。给你(单个物品)。 | 针对单数物品。 • 场景1 (寻找):A: "我的车钥匙呢?" B: (找到钥匙) "Here it is." • 场景2 (递交):(递过一个文件) "Here it is." |
| Here you are. | 给你。拿好。 | 通用递交用语,不区分单复数。 • 场景 (通用递交):(递给你一杯水/一些钱/一个包裹) "Here you are." 注意:此短语焦点在“接收的人”,而非“物品”。 |
十五、亲属关系表达
in-law(婚后亲属关系)
- mother in-law(岳母/婆婆)
- father in-law(岳父/公公)
- sister in-law(嫂子/弟媳/小姑子等)
- brother in-law(姐夫/妹夫/小叔子等)
ex-(前任)
- ex-girlfriend(前女友)
- ex-boyfriend(前男友)
- ex-wife(前妻)
- ex-husband(前夫)
step(后的,继的)
- step mother(继母)
- step father(继父)
- step sister(同父异母/同母异父的姐妹)
- step brother(同父异母/同母异父的兄弟)
十六、常用短语与表达
名词 + Please 句型
用法: 用于点餐、购物、请求等场景,非常口语化
- My coat and my umbrella, please.(请把我的外套和雨伞给我。)
- A roast duck, please.(请来一只烤鸭。)
- Your ID card, please. / Tickets, please.(请出示您的身份证。/ 请出示票。)
实用短语列表
| 短语 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| come out of... | 从...出来 |
| come upstairs | 上楼来 |
| go downstairs | 下楼去 |
| the same color/name/city | 相同的颜色/名字/城市 |
| lovely smart beautiful nice | 漂亮、好看、时髦 |
| a lucky dog | 幸运儿 |
| my girl | 我的女孩(女朋友) |
| That's fine | 就这样吧/就到这吧/行啦 |
| grey hair | 花白的头发 |
| black tea | 红茶 |
| black coffee | 纯咖啡 |
| black man | 黑人 |
| what's the matter? | 什么事情? |
| Are you tired? | 你累了吗? |
| What's up? | 干嘛呢?/怎么回事啊? |
| What's wrong? | 什么不对?/怎么了? |
| What's wrong with you? | 你怎么回事?(吵架) |
| all right = ok | |
| I'm full | 我饱了 |
| a full stop | 句号 |
| a full time job | 一份全职工作 |
| a part time job | 一份兼职工作 |
| make the bed | 整理床铺 |
| I beg your pardon? | 请您再说一遍? |
| a family meeting | 家庭会议 |
| we are a family | 我们是一家人 |
| Are you the family of...? | 你们是...的家属吗? |
| walk out of... | 从...走出来 |
| run out of... | 从...跑出来 |
| go into | 走进... |
| go out of | 走出... |
| some of them | 他们中的一些 |
| some of us | 我们中的一些 |
| walk into | 走进去... |
| run into | 跑进去... |
| There we are = We are there | 就这么着吧/就到这儿吧 |
| Not very | 不是非常... |
| Hurry up | 快点 |
| Be quick | 快点 |
| It's over there | 就在那儿 |
| It's right here | 就在这儿 |
| There it is = It is there | 他在这里/就在这里 |
| There he is = He is there | 他在这里 |
| Wait a minute | 稍等一会(一分钟) |
| Wait a second | 稍等一会(几秒钟) |
| Can I ask you a question? | 我能问你一个问题吗? |
| Can you come here a minute please? | 你能过来一下好吗? |
| She is next door | 她在隔壁 |
| next door(在隔壁/与...相邻) | She is next door to us.(她与我们相邻) |
| next-door(形容词,隔壁的) | The next-door girl is very beautiful.(隔壁的女孩很漂亮) |
| To tell you the truth,... | 说句老实话吧,... |
| Well... | 嗯... 呃... |
| Yeah | 是的 |
| To be honest,... | 老实讲... |
| run after | 追赶(It's running after a cat. 它正在追赶一只猫) |
| How is the weather in Beijing? | 北京的天气怎么样? |
| The weather is pleasant | 天气很宜人 |
| a pleasant dream | 美梦 |
天气表达句型
结构: It is + adj + 时间
- It is sunny today.(今天阳光明媚。)
What's in/on/under/over/behind it?
- What's in it?(里面是什么?)
- What's on it?(上面是什么?)
- What's under it?(下面是什么?)
- What's behind it?(后面是什么?)
十七、补充语法点
1. 描述句型
- 他正穿过那片草地:He is going across the grass(注意:across是介词,需加动词)
2. 动词分类总结
- 连系动词:She is beautiful
- 情态动词:You must do it
- 实义动词:I wash my hands
- 助动词:She is running(is是助动词,is running是一个整体)
十八、特殊语句
What's sth./ sb. like?
What's her boyfriend like? 她的男朋友怎么样?
What's your boss like?你的老板怎么样?
What's the climate like? 气候怎么样?
What's the climate like in +...(国家、城市、季节、月份)
What's the climate like in Japan?日本的气候怎么样?
What's the climate like in fall?秋天气候怎么样?
How's sth./sb. ?
How's the climate? 气候怎么样?
How's the weather? 天气怎么样?
How's her boyfriend?她男朋友怎么样?
三月经常是风天
It's often windy in Marth
rain \ snow
rain 下雨 snow下雪 两个都是动词 +y变成形容词
三月会下雨 It's rainy in March 这里的rainy是作为形容词,可以跟在be动词之后
It rains in March 这里的rain下雨是动词,三单加s
| 句子 | 结构 |
|---|---|
| It's rainy in March. | 主系表结构 It(形式主语) + is(系动词) + rainy(形容词表语) |
| It rains in March. | 主谓结构 It(形式主语) + rains(动词谓语) |
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