第1句原文：We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning.中文翻译： 我们刚刚搬进了一所新房子，我整个上午一直在努力工作。成分内容说明主语①We 谓语①have just moved现在完成时状语into a new house 连词and 主语②I 谓语②have been working现在完成进行时状语hard all morning 时态解析：动词时态时间线have just moved现在完成时刚刚搬完（过去的动作对现在有影响）have been working现在完成进行时从早上一直到现在，一直在干活（强调持续性和累）词法点：词组/单词用法说明have just moved刚刚搬了just 常与现在完成时连用have been working一直在工作现在完成进行时，强调动作从过去持续到现在，可能还在进行all morning整个上午时间状语现在完成时 vs 现在完成进行时：时态例句侧重点现在完成时I have moved into a new house.强调结果：搬完了现在完成进行时I have been working all morning.强调过程：一直在做，很累第2句原文：I have been trying to get my new room in order.中文翻译： 我一直在努力把我的新房间整理好。成分内容说明主语I 谓语have been trying现在完成进行时宾语to get my new room in order不定式短语时态解析：动词时态说明have been trying现在完成进行时一直在努力尝试（强调动作的持续性和付出）词法点：词组/单词用法说明have been trying一直在尝试现在完成进行时，强调“反复/持续的努力”get...in order把……整理好/归置好固定短语in order整齐/有条理介词短语作宾补第3句原文：This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books.中文翻译： 这并不容易，因为我有上千本书。成分内容说明主语This指代“整理房间”这件事谓语has not been现在完成时（否定）表语easy 原因状语从句because I own over a thousand books一般现在时时态解析：动词时态说明has not been现在完成时到目前为止（这件事）一直不容易own一般现在时拥有（现在的状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明has not been easy一直不容易现在完成时，表示从过去到现在一直如此own拥有及物动词，= haveover a thousand超过一千over = more than第4句原文：To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor.中文翻译： 更糟的是，房间相当小，所以我暂时把书放在了地板上。成分内容说明插入语To make matters worse更糟的是（固定短语）主语the room 系动词is一般现在时表语rather small 连词so所以主语I 谓语have temporarily put现在完成时宾语my books 状语on the floor 时态解析：动词时态说明is一般现在时房间小（现在的事实）have put现在完成时已经放了（过去的动作，对现在的影响是书现在在地板上）词法点：词组/单词用法说明To make matters worse更糟的是固定插入语（使情况更糟的是）rather相当副词，修饰 smalltemporarily暂时地副词，修饰 puthave put放了put 的过去分词（put-put-put）第5句原文：At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room.中文翻译： 此刻，它们占据了地板的每一寸空间，我实际上得踩着它们进出房间。成分内容说明状语At the moment此刻主语①they指 books谓语①cover一般现在时宾语every inch of floor space 连词and 主语②I 谓语②have to walk一般现在时（情态动词）状语on them 目的状语to get in or out of the room 时态解析：动词时态说明cover一般现在时现在占据（当前状态）have to walk一般现在时（情态动词）现在必须得走词法点：词组/单词用法说明At the moment此刻/目前现在时间状语cover覆盖/占据及物动词every inch of每一寸……强调“全部”floor space地板空间/面积space = 空间have to不得不情态动词，表示客观需要get in or out of进出get in = 进入；get out of = 离开第6句原文：A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs.中文翻译： 不久之前，我姐姐帮我搬了一个旧书柜上楼。成分内容说明时间状语A short while ago不久之前主语my sister 谓语helped一般过去时宾语me 宾补to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs不定式短语时态解析：动词时态说明helped一般过去时帮助（过去动作），ago 是过去时标志词法点：词组/单词用法说明A short while ago不久之前过去时间状语helped me to carry帮我搬help + 人 + (to) do（to 可以省略）one of my old bookcases我的一个旧书柜one of + 复数名词up the stairs上楼介词短语作方向状语第7句原文：She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor.中文翻译： 她进了我的房间，当看到地板上那么多书时，她大吃一惊。成分内容说明谓语①went一般过去时状语into my room 连词and 谓语②got一般过去时宾语a big surprise 时间状语从句when she saw all those books on the floor一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明went一般过去时进去（过去动作）got一般过去时得到（过去动作）saw一般过去时看到（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明went into进入go into = 走进got a big surprise大吃一惊get + a surprise = 感到惊讶when当……时引导时间状语从句all those books所有那些书指示形容词 those + 复数名词第8句原文：'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said.中文翻译： “这是我所见过的最漂亮的地毯，”她说。成分内容说明直接引语This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen 插入语she said一般过去时时态解析：动词时态时间线is一般现在时现在是（直接引语中描述当前）have ever seen现在完成时到目前为止所见过的said一般过去时她说（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明the prettiest最漂亮的最高级I have ever seen我所见过的定语从句，修饰 carpetever曾经用于现在完成时的疑问句或最高级中定语从句：the prettiest carpet (that) I have ever seen= 我所见过的最漂亮的地毯that 在从句中作 seen 的宾语，可以省略。第9句原文：She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'中文翻译： 她凝视了一会儿，然后补充道：“你根本不需要书柜。你可以在空闲时间坐在这里读地毯！”成分内容说明谓语①gazed一般过去时状语at it for some time 谓语②added一般过去时直接引语'You don't need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!' 时态解析：动词时态说明gazed一般过去时凝视（过去动作）added一般过去时补充说（过去动作）don't need一般现在时不需要（现在状态）can sit一般现在时（情态动词）可以坐（现在/将来的可能性）词法点：词组/单词用法说明gazed at凝视gaze at = 盯着看（长时间）for some time一会儿/一段时间时间状语added补充说add = 补充/接着说at all根本加强否定语气in your spare time在空闲时间spare time = 业余时间read the carpet读地毯幽默说法（指书都摊在地上像地毯一样）课文的幽默点：作者有上千本书，房间太小放不下，只能暂时堆在地板上姐姐看到满地的书，说这是“最漂亮的地毯”她又补了一句：“你连书柜都不用买了，有空坐这儿‘读地毯’就行。”这是一种打趣的说法——书太多了，踩在脚下，像地毯一样，但“读地毯”又暗指书本来就是用来读的📊 全课时态总结表动词/短语时态时间线have just moved现在完成时刚搬完（过去→现在）have been working现在完成进行时一直在工作（持续到现在）have been trying现在完成进行时一直在尝试（持续到现在）has not been现在完成时一直不容易（过去→现在）own一般现在时现在拥有is一般现在时现在状态have temporarily put现在完成时已经放了（过去→现在）cover / have to walk一般现在时当前状态helped / went / got / saw / gazed / added / said一般过去时过去的动作is / don't need / can sit一般现在时直接引语中的现在状态have ever seen现在完成时到目前为止所见过的📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总搭配含义move into搬进have been doing一直在做……get...in order把……整理好in order整齐/有条理over a thousand超过一千To make matters worse更糟的是at the moment此刻/目前every inch of每一寸……floor space地板面积/空间have to不得不a short while ago不久之前help sb (to) do帮某人做某事up the stairs上楼get a surprise大吃一惊gaze at凝视for some time一会儿at all根本（用于否定）in one's spare time在空闲时间🎯 课文核心语法总结语法点课文例句说明① 现在完成时have just moved / have put / have ever seen过去动作对现在有影响② 现在完成进行时have been working / have been trying从过去持续到现在的动作，强调过程③ 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时对比：have been trying / helped现在完成时→持续到现在；一般过去时→纯过去动作④ 最高级 + 完成时the prettiest carpet I have ever seen最高级后常接现在完成时⑤ 定语从句省略the carpet I have ever seen关系代词作宾语时可省略
第1句原文：My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.中文翻译： 我的朋友休一直都很胖，但最近情况变得如此糟糕，以至于他决定节食。成分内容说明主语My friend, Hugh我的朋友休（同位语）谓语①has always been现在完成时表语fat 连词but 主语②things情况/形势谓语②got一般过去时状语so bad 结果状语从句that he decided to go on a diet一般过去时时态解析：动词时态时间线has always been现在完成时从过去一直到现在（一直胖）got一般过去时变得（过去某个时间点）decided一般过去时决定（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明has always been一直……现在完成时 + always（从过去到现在持续）things情况/形势复数形式表示“情况”got so bad that变得如此糟糕以至于……so + 形容词 + that（结果状语从句）go on a diet节食固定短语第2句原文：He began his diet a week ago.中文翻译： 他一周前开始了节食。成分内容说明主语He 谓语began一般过去时宾语his diet 时间状语a week ago一周前时态解析：动词时态说明began一般过去时开始（过去动作），a week ago 是明确的过去时间标志词法点：词组/单词用法说明a week ago一周前一般过去时的标志时间状语第3句原文：First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.中文翻译： 首先，他写出了一长列所有被禁止的食物清单。成分内容说明状语First of all首先主语he 谓语wrote out一般过去时宾语a long list of all the foods 定语从句which were forbidden一般过去时被动时态解析：动词时态说明wrote out一般过去时写出（过去动作）were forbidden一般过去时被动被禁止（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明First of all首先时间顺序状语wrote out写出/列出write out = 全部写出来a long list of一长串……的清单list = 清单/列表which were forbidden被禁止的定语从句修饰 foods，which 作主语不能省略第4句原文：The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets.中文翻译： 清单包括了休喜欢的大部分东西：黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果。成分内容说明主语The list 谓语included一般过去时宾语most of the things 定语从句(that) Hugh loves一般现在时时态解析：动词时态时间线included一般过去时清单里包含（过去状态）loves一般现在时休现在仍然喜欢（客观事实）词法点：词组/单词用法说明included包括/包含include 的过去式most of the things大部分东西most of + 复数名词Hugh loves休喜欢的定语从句，省略了关系代词 that定语从句省略：most of the things (that) Hugh loves= 休喜欢的大部分东西that 在从句中作 loves 的宾语，可以省略。第5句原文：Yesterday I paid him a visit.中文翻译： 昨天我去拜访了他。成分内容说明时间状语Yesterday昨天主语I 谓语paid一般过去时间接宾语him 直接宾语a visit 时态解析：动词时态说明paid一般过去时拜访（过去动作），Yesterday 是明确过去时间标志词法点：词组/单词用法说明pay sb a visit拜访某人固定短语，= visit sb第6句原文：I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.中文翻译： 我按了门铃，看到休还是像以前一样胖，一点也不惊讶。成分内容说明谓语①rang一般过去时宾语the bell 连词and 谓语②was not surprised一般过去时状语to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever不定式短语时态解析：动词时态时间线rang一般过去时按门铃（过去动作）was not surprised一般过去时不惊讶（过去状态）was一般过去时当时仍然胖（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明rang the bell按门铃ring 的过去式was not surprised to see看到……并不惊讶be surprised to do = 对做某事感到惊讶as fat as ever和以前一样胖as + 形容词 + as ever = 和以前一样……第7句原文：He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.中文翻译： 他把我领进他的房间，然后匆忙地把一个大包裹藏到了书桌下面。成分内容说明谓语①led一般过去时宾语me 状语into his room 连词and 谓语②hid一般过去时宾语a large parcel 状语under his desk 时态解析：动词时态说明led一般过去时领（过去动作），lead 的过去式hid一般过去时藏（过去动作），hide 的过去式词法点：词组/单词用法说明led领/带路lead 的过去式（lead-led-led）hurriedly匆忙地副词，修饰 hidhid藏hide 的过去式（hide-hid-hidden）parcel包裹可数名词第8句原文：It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.中文翻译： 很明显，他非常尴尬。成分内容说明形式主语It指代 that 从句系动词was一般过去时表语obvious 真正主语that he was very embarrassed 时态解析：动词时态说明was (obvious)一般过去时很明显（过去状态）was (embarrassed)一般过去时他很尴尬（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明It was obvious that...很明显……形式主语结构embarrassed尴尬的过去分词作形容词第9句原文：When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk.中文翻译： 当我问他正在做什么时，他内疚地笑了笑，然后把包裹放到了桌子上。成分内容说明时间状语从句When I asked him what he was doing一般过去时 + 过去进行时谓语①smiled一般过去时状语guiltily 连词and then 谓语②put一般过去时宾语the parcel 状语on the desk 时态解析：动词时态时间线asked一般过去时问（过去动作）was doing过去进行时正在做什么（强调当时正在进行的动作）smiled一般过去时笑了笑（过去动作）put一般过去时放（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明asked him what he was doing问他正在做什么间接疑问句，用陈述语序guiltily内疚地副词，修饰 smiledput放put 的过去式（put-put-put）第10句原文：He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally.中文翻译： 他解释说，他的节食如此严格，以至于他不得不偶尔奖励一下自己。成分内容说明主语He 谓语explained一般过去时宾语从句that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally 时态解析：动词时态时间线explained一般过去时解释（过去动作）was一般过去时节食很严格（过去状态）had to一般过去时（情态动词）不得不（过去必须）词法点：词组/单词用法说明explained that解释说……explain + that 从句so strict that如此严格以至于……so + 形容词 + that（结果状语从句）had to不得不have to 的过去式reward himself奖励自己reward + 反身代词occasionally偶尔副词第11句（结尾句）原文：Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!中文翻译： 然后他给我看了包裹里的东西。里面装着五大块巧克力和三袋糖果！成分内容说明谓语①showed一般过去时间接宾语me 直接宾语the contents of the parcel 主语②It指 parcel谓语②contained一般过去时宾语five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets 时态解析：动词时态说明showed一般过去时给看（过去动作）contained一般过去时装着（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明showed me the contents给我看里面的东西show + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语contents内容物（复数形式）指包裹里面装的东西contained包含/装着contain 的过去式bars of chocolate巧克力板/条可数单位bags of sweets袋装糖果可数单位课文的幽默点：休为了减肥写了一大串禁食清单清单上全是他爱吃的东西一周后，作者去拜访他，发现他仍然那么胖问他干什么，他内疚地笑，然后拿出一大包巧克力糖他说“节食太严格，得偶尔奖励自己一下”——但这包东西的量根本不是“偶尔”！标题 "Reward for virtue"（对美德的奖赏）是反讽——他的“美德”（节食）的奖赏就是吃一大堆禁食的东西，所以减肥当然没成功📊 全课时态总结表动词/短语时态时间线has always been现在完成时从过去一直到现在got / decided一般过去时过去动作began一般过去时过去动作（a week ago）wrote out一般过去时过去动作were forbidden一般过去时被动过去状态included一般过去时过去状态loves一般现在时现在的事实paid一般过去时过去动作（Yesterday）rang / was一般过去时过去动作/状态led / hid一般过去时过去动作was (obvious) / was (embarrassed)一般过去时过去状态asked / was doing / smiled / put一般过去时 / 过去进行时过去动作explained / was / had to一般过去时过去动作/状态showed / contained一般过去时过去动作/状态📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总搭配含义has always been一直……go on a diet节食so + 形容词 + that如此……以至于……First of all首先write out写出/列出a list of……的清单pay sb a visit拜访某人ring the bell按门铃as + 形容词 + as ever和以前一样……lead sb into把某人领进……It was obvious that...很明显……ask sb what/whether...问某人……reward oneself奖励自己the contents of……里面的东西bars of chocolate巧克力板/条bags of sweets袋装糖果🎯 课文核心语法总结语法点课文例句说明① 现在完成时has always been fat从过去一直持续到现在② 过去进行时what he was doing过去某时刻正在进行的动作③ 被动语态which were forbidden过去时间的被动状态④ 结果状语从句so strict that he had to...如此……以至于……⑤ 定语从句省略the things Hugh loves关系代词作宾语时可省略
第1句原文：I love travelling in the country, but I don't like losing my way.中文翻译： 我喜欢在乡间旅行，但不喜欢迷路。成分内容说明主语I 谓语①love一般现在时宾语travelling in the country动名词短语连词but 谓语②don't like一般现在时（否定）宾语losing my way动名词短语时态解析：动词时态说明love一般现在时现在的喜好（状态）don't like一般现在时现在的不喜欢（状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明love / like + doing喜欢做某事后接动名词，表示一种习惯或爱好travelling in the country在乡间旅行in the country = 在乡下/农村losing my way迷路lose one's way = 迷路（固定短语）第2句原文：I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected.中文翻译： 我最近去远足了一次，但这趟行程花的时间比我预想的要长。成分内容说明谓语①went一般过去时宾语on an excursion 状语recently 连词but 主语②my trip 谓语②took一般过去时宾语me 补语longer than I expected比较状语时态解析：动词时态说明went一般过去时去了（过去动作）took一般过去时花了（过去动作）expected一般过去时预想（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明went on an excursion去远足excursion = 短途旅行/远足recently最近常与一般过去时或现在完成时连用took me longer花了我更长时间take + 人 + 时间 = 花了某人多少时间than I expected比我预期的than 引导比较状语从句第3句原文：'I'm going to Woodford Green,' I said to the conductor as I got on the bus, 'but I don't know where it is.'中文翻译： “我要去伍德福德格林，”我上车时对售票员说，“但我不知道它在哪儿。”成分内容说明直接引语①I'm going to Woodford Green 插入语I said to the conductor一般过去时时间状语从句as I got on the bus一般过去时直接引语②but I don't know where it is 时态解析：动词时态时间线'm going现在进行时（表将来）按计划要去（将来）said一般过去时说（过去动作）got on一般过去时上车（过去动作）don't know一般现在时现在不知道（状态）is一般现在时它在哪儿（当前事实）词法点：词组/单词用法说明'm going to要去现在进行时表将来（计划好的事）Woodford Green伍德福德格林地名（伦敦附近）conductor售票员公共汽车上的售票员as I got on当我上车时as = 当……的时候where it is它在哪儿间接疑问句，用陈述语序第4句原文：'I'll tell you where to get off,' answered the conductor.中文翻译： “我会告诉你在哪儿下车，”售票员回答道。成分内容说明直接引语I'll tell you where to get off 插入语answered the conductor一般过去时时态解析：动词时态时间线'll tell一般将来时将来的动作（承诺）answered一般过去时回答（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明'll tell you我会告诉你will 表将来（承诺/自愿）where to get off在哪里下车疑问词 + 不定式 结构，简化宾语从句answered回答道说话人的动作where to get off = where you should get off疑问词 + 不定式 是英语中常见的简练写法，相当于一个完整的宾语从句。第5句原文：I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.中文翻译： 我坐在公共汽车的前部，以便好好欣赏乡间的景色。成分内容说明主语I 谓语sat一般过去时状语in the front of the bus 目的状语to get a good view of the countryside不定式短语时态解析：动词时态说明sat一般过去时坐（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明in the front of在……前部（内部）强调“在车厢内部的前面”in front of在……前面（外部）强调“在物体外部的前面”to get a good view为了获得好的视野不定式作目的状语view of the countryside乡间的景色view = 视野/景色第6句原文：After some time, the bus stopped. Looking round, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus.中文翻译： 过了一会儿，公共汽车停了下来。我环顾四周，震惊地意识到，车上只剩下我一个乘客了。成分内容说明状语After some time 谓语①stopped一般过去时主语I 状语Looking round现在分词短语作状语谓语②realized一般过去时状语with a shock 宾语从句that I was the only passenger left on the bus 时态解析：动词时态时间线stopped一般过去时车停了（过去动作）Looking round现在分词（作状语）环顾四周（伴随动作）realized一般过去时意识到（过去动作）was一般过去时是（过去状态）left过去分词（作定语）剩下（修饰 passenger）词法点：词组/单词用法说明After some time过了一会儿时间状语Looking round环顾四周现在分词作伴随状语with a shock震惊地介词短语作状语the only passenger left唯一剩下的乘客left 是过去分词作定语on the bus在公交车上介词短语作地点状语分词作状语：Looking round, I realized...Looking round 是背景动作，提供场景，和主句动作几乎同时发生。第7句原文：'You'll have to get off here,' the conductor said. 'This is as far as we go.'中文翻译： “你必须在这儿下车了，”售票员说。“我们最远就到这儿了。”成分内容说明直接引语①You'll have to get off here 插入语the conductor said一般过去时直接引语②This is as far as we go 时态解析：动词时态时间线'll have to一般将来时将不得不（即将发生的动作）said一般过去时说（过去动作）is一般现在时是（当前状态）go一般现在时开到（当前路线）词法点：词组/单词用法说明'll have to将不得不will have to = 必须（将来）get off下车固定短语as far as we go我们最远到这儿as far as = 远到……为止，表示“终点到了”第8句原文：'Is this Woodford Green?' I asked.中文翻译： “这是伍德福德格林吗？”我问道。成分内容说明直接引语Is this Woodford Green?一般疑问句插入语I asked一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明asked一般过去时问（过去动作）第9句原文：'Oh dear,' said the conductor suddenly. 'I forgot to put you off.'中文翻译： “哎呀，”售票员突然说。“我忘了让你下车了。”成分内容说明感叹词Oh dear 插入语said the conductor suddenly一般过去时直接引语②I forgot to put you off 时态解析：动词时态时间线said一般过去时说（过去动作）forgot一般过去时忘了（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Oh dear哎呀/天哪英式口语感叹词（惊讶/懊恼）suddenly突然地副词forgot to put you off忘了让你下车forget to do = 忘记做某事；put off = 让……下车forget to do vs forget doing：结构含义示例forget to do忘记做某事（该做没做）I forgot to put you off.forget doing忘记做过某事（做过但不记得）I forgot putting you off.第10句原文：'It doesn't matter,' I said. 'I'll get off here.'中文翻译： “没关系，”我说。“我就在这儿下车。”成分内容说明直接引语①It doesn't matter 插入语I said一般过去时直接引语②I'll get off here 时态解析：动词时态说明doesn't matter一般现在时没关系（当前态度）said一般过去时说（过去动作）'ll get off一般将来时将下车（即将发生的动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明It doesn't matter没关系固定短语get off下车固定短语第11句原文：'We're going back now,' said the conductor.中文翻译： “我们现在要返回了，”售票员说。成分内容说明直接引语We're going back now 插入语said the conductor一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明're going back现在进行时（表将来）即将返回（按计划）said一般过去时说（过去动作）第12句（结尾句）原文：'Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus,' I answered.中文翻译： “好吧，那样的话，我宁愿待在车上，”我回答道。成分内容说明直接引语Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus 插入语I answered一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明prefer一般现在时宁愿（当前的选择）answered一般过去时回答（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Well好吧语气词in that case既然那样/那样的话固定短语prefer to stay宁愿待着prefer to do = 宁愿做某事stay on the bus留在车上stay on = 不离开📊 全课时态总结表动词/短语时态时间线love / don't like一般现在时现在的喜好went / took / expected一般过去时过去的动作'm going现在进行时（表将来）按计划要去got on / said一般过去时过去的动作'll tell一般将来时将来的承诺sat一般过去时过去的动作stopped / realized / was一般过去时过去的动作/状态Looking round现在分词（作状语）背景动作'll have to一般将来时将来的义务asked / said / forgot一般过去时过去的动作doesn't matter一般现在时现在的态度'll get off一般将来时即将发生的动作're going back现在进行时（表将来）按计划要返回prefer / answered一般现在时 / 一般过去时现在的选择 / 过去动作📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总搭配含义travelling in the country在乡间旅行losing my way迷路went on an excursion去远足took me longer than I expected花的时间比我预期的长got on the bus上车get off下车in the front of在……前部（内部）get a good view of好好欣赏……的景色After some time过了一会儿Looking round环顾四周with a shock震惊地the only passenger left唯一剩下的乘客as far as we go我们最远到这儿put sb off让某人下车It doesn't matter没关系in that case既然那样/那样的话prefer to do宁愿做某事stay on the bus留在车上🎯 课文核心语法总结语法点课文例句说明① 现在进行时表将来I'm going / We're going back按计划即将发生的将来动作② 分词作状语Looking round, I realized...现在分词表示伴随动作，为句子提供背景③ 疑问词 + 不定式where to get off简化宾语从句的简练写法④ forget to doI forgot to put you off忘记做某事（该做但没做）⑤ 过去分词作定语the only passenger leftleft = 剩下的，放在名词后作定语
第1句原文：Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.中文翻译： 因为厌倦了睡在地板上，德黑兰的一个年轻人攒了好几年的钱，去买一张真正的床。成分内容说明原因状语（分词短语）Tired of sleeping on the floor过去分词短语作状语主语a young man in Teheran德黑兰的一个年轻人谓语saved up一般过去时状语for years数年目的状语to buy a real bed不定式短语时态解析：动词时态说明saved up一般过去时攒钱（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Tired of sleeping on the floor厌倦了睡在地板上过去分词短语作原因状语save up攒钱/储蓄固定短语for years好几年时间短语to buy为了买不定式作目的状语a real bed一张真正的床real = 真正的（不是简易的）分词作状语（重点！）：Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man saved up...原句可还原为：Because he was tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man saved up...逻辑：主系表结构，省略了主语 he 和系动词 was，直接保留表语 Tired 作状语。Tired 是过去分词（作形容词），表示“感到疲倦/厌倦的”与主语 a young man 是被动/状态关系（他处于“厌倦”的状态）所以用过去分词 Tired，不用现在分词 Tiring第2句原文：For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress.中文翻译： 他有生以来第一次，成为了一张带弹簧和床垫的床的骄傲主人。成分内容说明状语For the first time in his life有生以来第一次主语he 谓语became一般过去时表语the proud owner of a bed名词短语定语从句which had springs and a mattress一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明became一般过去时成为（过去动作）had一般过去时有（定语从句，过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明For the first time in his life他有生以来第一次时间状语became成为become 的过去式（不规则动词）the proud owner of……的骄傲主人proud = 自豪的which had springs and a mattress有弹簧和床垫的定语从句修饰 bedsprings弹簧可数名词复数mattress床垫可数名词定语从句：a bed which had springs and a mattress= 一张有弹簧和床垫的床which 在从句中作主语，不能省略。第3句原文：Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.中文翻译： 因为天气非常热，他把床搬到了他家的屋顶上。成分内容说明原因状语从句Because the weather was very hot一般过去时主语he 谓语carried一般过去时宾语the bed 状语on to the roof of his house到屋顶上时态解析：动词时态说明was一般过去时天气热（过去状态）carried一般过去时搬（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Because因为引导原因状语从句carried搬/抬carry 的过去式on to到……上面表示“移动到……上面”（= onto）the roof屋顶可数名词on to vs onto：on to = 到……上面（强调移动的方向）onto = 同上，现代英语中更常用本句用 on to，两者都可以。第4句原文：He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.中文翻译： 头两个晚上他睡得很好，但在第三天晚上，一场暴风雨突然来临。成分内容说明主语He 谓语①slept一般过去时状语very well for the first two nights 连词but 时间状语on the third night 主语②a storm 谓语②blew up一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明slept一般过去时睡觉（过去动作）blew up一般过去时突然来临/爆发（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明slept very well睡得很好sleep well = 睡得好for the first two nights头两个晚上时间状语on the third night在第三天晚上具体某天晚上用 ona storm一场暴风雨可数名词blew up突然来临/爆发blow up 的过去式（此处指 storm 突然到来）blow up 的多种含义：含义示例突然来临（暴风雨）A storm blew up.爆炸The building blew up.放大（照片）Blow up the photo.发怒He blew up at me.第5句原文：A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below.中文翻译： 一阵风把床从屋顶上刮了下来，把它摔到了下面的院子里。成分内容说明主语A gust of wind一阵风谓语①swept一般过去时宾语the bed 状语off the roof从屋顶上连词and 谓语②sent一般过去时宾语it 宾补crashing into the courtyard below现在分词作宾补时态解析：动词时态说明swept一般过去时刮走（过去动作）sent一般过去时使/送（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明A gust of wind一阵风gust = 一阵狂风swept刮走/席卷sweep 的过去式（不规则动词）off the roof从屋顶上off = 从……离开sent it crashing使它摔下去send + 宾语 + 现在分词（“使……以某种方式运动”）into the courtyard进入院子courtyard = 庭院/院子below在下面副词，作定语修饰 courtyardsend + 宾语 + 现在分词：sent it crashing into the courtyard= 使它摔进了院子crashing 是现在分词作宾语补足语，表示“以摔的方式”运动。第6句原文：The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.中文翻译： 那个年轻人直到床撞到地面才醒来。成分内容说明主语The young man 谓语did not wake up一般过去时（否定）时间状语从句until the bed had struck the ground过去完成时时态解析：动词时态时间线did not wake up一般过去时没有醒来（过去动作）had struck过去完成时撞击发生在 woke up 之前时间线：[bed had struck the ground] → [man woke up]（床先撞地） （人才醒来）词法点：词组/单词用法说明did not wake up没有醒来wake up = 醒来until直到……才引导时间状语从句had struck已经撞击了strike 的过去完成时（strike-struck-struck/stricken）the ground地面不可数名词not...until 结构（重点！）：He did not wake up until the bed struck the ground.= 他直到床撞到地面才醒来。注意：not...until 翻译为“直到……才……”。第7句原文：Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.中文翻译： 虽然床被摔得粉碎，但那个人奇迹般地没有受伤。成分内容说明让步状语从句Although the bed was smashed to pieces一般过去时被动主句the man was miraculously unhurt一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明was smashed一般过去时被动被摔碎（过去动作）was unhurt一般过去时没有受伤（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Although虽然连词，引导让步状语从句was smashed被摔碎/粉碎smash = 打碎/摔碎to pieces变成碎片固定短语miraculously奇迹般地副词，修饰 unhurtunhurt没有受伤的un- + hurt（否定前缀 + 过去分词作形容词）was smashed to pieces：= 被摔成了碎片to pieces = 变成碎片（结果状语）unhurt 的构词：hurt = 受伤的（过去分词作形容词）un- + hurt = unhurt = 没有受伤的第8句原文：When he woke up, he was still on the mattress.中文翻译： 当他醒来时，他仍然在床垫上。成分内容说明时间状语从句When he woke up一般过去时主句he was still on the mattress一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明woke up一般过去时醒来（过去动作）was一般过去时在（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明woke up醒来wake up 的过去式on the mattress在床垫上介词短语作表语第9句原文：Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.中文翻译： 瞥了一眼散落在四周的碎木块和金属碎片，那个人悲伤地捡起床垫，把它搬进了屋子。成分内容说明伴随状语（分词短语）Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him现在分词短语作状语主语the man 谓语①sadly picked up一般过去时宾语the mattress 连词and 谓语②carried it into his house一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明Glancing现在分词（作状语）瞥了一眼（伴随动作）lay一般过去时散落在（定语从句，过去状态）picked up一般过去时捡起（过去动作）carried一般过去时搬（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Glancing at瞥了一眼glance at = 匆匆看一眼the bits of wood and metal碎木块和金属碎片bit = 小块that lay around him散落在他周围的定语从句，修饰 bitslay位于/散落lie 的过去式（lie-lay-lain）sadly悲伤地副词，修饰 picked uppicked up捡起pick up = 拾起分词作状语：Glancing at the bits of wood and metal..., the man sadly picked up...现在分词 Glancing 作伴随状语，表示“他一边瞥了一眼碎片，一边捡起床垫”。主语 the man 是 glance 动作的发出者（主动关系），所以用现在分词。that lay around him：the bits of wood and metal that lay around him= 散落在他周围的碎木块和金属碎片lay 是 lie 的过去式（位于/散落），不是 laid（放置）。第10句（结尾句）原文：After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.中文翻译： 他把床垫放在地板上之后，立刻又睡着了。成分内容说明时间状语从句After he had put it on the floor过去完成时主句he promptly went to sleep again一般过去时时态解析：动词时态时间线had put过去完成时放床垫发生在 went 之前went一般过去时去睡觉（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明After在……之后引导时间状语从句had put已经放了put 的过去完成时（put-put-put）on the floor在地板上介词短语作状语promptly立刻/迅速地副词，修饰 wentwent to sleep去睡觉/入睡go to sleep = 入睡（= fell asleep）课文的幽默点：他攒了好几年钱才买了张真正的床结果床被风刮到院子里摔碎了但他奇迹般地没有受伤最后他把床垫搬回屋里，放在地板上，又睡着了他折腾了一圈，最后还是睡在地板上（只是多了个床垫）——这就是 "The end of a dream"（美梦告终）📊 全课时态总结表动词/短语时态作用saved up一般过去时攒钱（过去动作）became一般过去时成为（过去动作）had (springs)一般过去时有（过去状态）was (hot)一般过去时天气热（过去状态）carried一般过去时搬（过去动作）slept一般过去时睡觉（过去动作）blew up一般过去时突然来临（过去动作）swept一般过去时刮走（过去动作）sent一般过去时使（过去动作）did not wake up一般过去时（否定）没有醒来had struck过去完成时撞击发生在 wake up 之前was smashed一般过去时被动被摔碎was (unhurt)一般过去时没有受伤（状态）woke up一般过去时醒来（过去动作）was (on the mattress)一般过去时在床垫上（状态）glancing现在分词（作状语）瞥了一眼（伴随）lay一般过去时散落（过去状态）picked up / carried一般过去时捡起/搬（过去动作）had put过去完成时放床垫发生在 went 之前went to sleep一般过去时去睡觉（过去动作）📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总搭配含义tired of厌倦了……save up攒钱/储蓄for the first time第一次proud owner of……的骄傲主人on to到……上面for the first two nights头两个晚上on the third night在第三天晚上blow up突然来临/爆发a gust of wind一阵风off the roof从屋顶上send + 宾语 + doing使……以某种方式运动not...until直到……才……to pieces变成碎片glance at瞥了一眼bits of碎片/小块around him在他周围pick up捡起go to sleep去睡觉/入睡promptly立刻/迅速地🎯 课文核心语法总结语法点课文例句说明① 分词作状语Tired of sleeping... / Glancing at the bits...过去分词表状态/原因，现在分词表伴随② 过去完成时until the bed had struck / After he had put it表示“过去的过去”③ 被动语态the bed was smashed to pieces过去时间点的被动动作④ not...untildid not wake up until the bed struck直到……才……⑤ send + 宾语 + doingsent it crashing into the courtyard使……以某种方式运动时态时间线全图：过去完成时 一般过去时 分词作状语 （过去的过去） （叙述过去动作） （背景动作） | | | [床撞地] → [醒来] → [床摔碎] → [瞥了一眼] → [捡起床垫] → [又睡了] had struck woke up was smashed glancing picked up went to sleep
新概念英语2 Lesson48 Did you want to tell me something?
第1句原文：Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer.中文翻译： 牙医总是在你不可能回答的时候问问题。成分内容说明主语Dentists牙医们（泛指）谓语ask一般现在时宾语questions问题时间状语从句when it is impossible for you to answer一般现在时时态解析：动词时态说明ask一般现在时表示经常发生的习惯性动作is一般现在时描述客观事实词法点：词组/单词用法说明always总是频率副词，放在动词前面when当……的时候引导时间状语从句it is impossible for you to answer你不可能回答固定句型：It is + 形容词 + for sb + to doanswer回答此处作不及物动词（不加宾语）it is + 形容词 + for sb to do 结构：It is impossible for you to answer.= 对你来说，回答是不可能的。it = 形式主语（真正主语是不定式 to answer）课文的幽默：牙医总是在你嘴里塞满棉花、无法开口的时候问问题，而且你还得努力做出回应——这本身就很好笑。第2句原文：My dentist had just pulled out one of my teeth and had told me to rest for a while.中文翻译： 我的牙医刚刚拔掉了我的一颗牙，并告诉我要休息一会儿。成分内容说明主语My dentist我的牙医状语just刚刚谓语①had pulled out过去完成时宾语one of my teeth我的一颗牙连词and 谓语②had told过去完成时宾语me 宾补to rest for a while不定式短语时态解析：动词时态时间线had pulled out过去完成时拔牙——发生在叙述时间点之前had told过去完成时告诉——发生在叙述时间点之前为什么用过去完成时？整篇课文是在回忆过去在诊所里发生的事。拔牙和嘱咐都发生在那个时间点之前，所以用过去完成时。词法点：词组/单词用法说明had just pulled out刚刚拔掉pull out = 拔出（牙齿）one of my teeth我的一颗牙tooth 的复数是 teethhad told me to rest告诉我要休息tell + 人 + 不定式for a while一会儿时间短语第3句原文：I tried to say something, but my mouth was full of cotton wool.中文翻译： 我试图说些什么，但我的嘴里塞满了棉球。成分内容说明主语I 谓语①tried一般过去时宾语to say something不定式短语连词but但是主语②my mouth 谓语②was full of一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明tried一般过去时试图（过去动作）was full of一般过去时充满（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明tried to say试图说try to do = 努力尝试something一些话/什么事肯定句用 somethingbe full of充满……固定短语cotton wool药棉/棉球不可数名词第4句原文：He knew I collected match boxes and asked me whether my collection was growing.中文翻译： 他知道我收集火柴盒，并问我的收藏是否在不断增加。成分内容说明主语He 谓语①knew一般过去时宾语从句①(that) I collected match boxes一般过去时连词and 谓语②asked一般过去时间接宾语me 宾语从句②whether my collection was growing过去进行时时态解析：动词时态说明knew一般过去时他知道（过去状态）collected一般过去时我收集（过去习惯/事实）asked一般过去时他问（过去动作）was growing过去进行时正在增长（强调“当时正在”增加）词法点：词组/单词用法说明knew知道know 的过去式collected收集过去时match boxes火柴盒复数asked me whether问我是否……ask + 人 + whether/if 从句my collection我的收藏collection = 收藏品（可数名词）was growing在增长过去进行时第5句原文：He then asked me how my brother was and whether I liked my new job in London.中文翻译： 然后他问我兄弟怎么样，以及我是否喜欢在伦敦的新工作。成分内容说明状语then然后主语He 谓语asked一般过去时间接宾语me 宾语从句①how my brother was一般过去时连词and 宾语从句②whether I liked my new job in London一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明asked一般过去时他问（过去动作）was一般过去时兄弟当时怎么样（过去状态）liked一般过去时我喜欢（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明asked me how问我（怎么样）ask + 人 + how 从句my brother was我兄弟怎么样陈述语序（不是 how was my brother）whether I liked我是否喜欢whether 引导宾语从句in London在伦敦介词短语作定语，修饰 job间接疑问句语序（重要！）：直接问：How is your brother?间接问：how my brother was.（陈述语序）❌ He asked me how was my brother.✅ He asked me how my brother was.第6句原文：In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises.中文翻译： 作为对这些问题的回答，我要么点头，要么发出奇怪的声音。成分内容说明状语In answer to these questions作为回答主语I 谓语①nodded一般过去时连词either...or...要么……要么……谓语②made一般过去时宾语strange noises奇怪的声音时态解析：动词时态说明nodded一般过去时点头（过去动作）made一般过去时发出（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明In answer to作为对……的回答固定短语these questions这些问题指牙医问的那些问题either nodded or made要么点头，要么发出either...or... 连接两个并列谓语strange noises奇怪的声音noise = 声音/噪音第7句原文：Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been.中文翻译： 与此同时，我的舌头正忙着寻找那颗牙原来的洞。成分内容说明状语Meanwhile与此同时主语my tongue我的舌头谓语was busy searching out过去进行时宾语the hole那个洞定语从句where the tooth had been过去完成时（修饰 hole）时态解析：动词时态时间线was busy过去进行时忙着（强调当时的状态）searching out现在分词与 was busy 搭配：be busy doinghad been过去完成时牙齿原本在的地方词法点：词组/单词用法说明Meanwhile与此同时副词，表示两个动作同时发生was busy searching out正忙着寻找be busy + doing（固定搭配）search out寻找/找出强调“努力搜寻并定位到”the hole那个洞牙拔掉后留下的洞where the tooth had been那颗牙原先所在的地方where 引导定语从句，修饰 holebe busy doing：✅ I am busy working.❌ I am busy to work.search out 的精髓：search out = 费劲巴拉地“翻出来/找出来”，强调通过努力找到了。对比：look for 只强调动作（不一定找到），find 强调结果，search out = 费劲找到了。定语从句 where the tooth had been：the hole where the tooth had been= 那颗牙原先在的那个洞where = 在那里（关系副词，作地点状语）不能用 which，因为从句不缺主语或宾语，缺的是“在那里”。为什么是定语从句不是宾语从句？where the tooth had been 修饰的是前面的名词 hole，给它加标签——“那颗牙原先在的”（洞）。所以是定语从句。where 能不能省略？❌ 不能。关系副词 where/when/why 在定语从句中永远不能省略。第8句原文：I suddenly felt very worried, but could not say anything.中文翻译： 我突然感到非常担心，但又什么也说不出来。成分内容说明主语I 状语suddenly突然谓语①felt一般过去时表语very worried形容词连词but但是谓语②could not say一般过去时（情态动词否定）宾语anything任何话时态解析：动词时态说明felt一般过去时感到（过去状态变化）could not say一般过去时（情态动词）无法说词法点：词组/单词用法说明suddenly突然地副词felt worried感到担心feel + 形容词（系动词）could not say无法说could not + 动词原形anything任何话否定句中用 anything第9句（结尾句）原文：When the dentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth, I was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth.中文翻译： 当牙医最后把棉球从我嘴里取出时，我才能够告诉他，他拔错了牙。成分内容说明时间状语从句When the dentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth一般过去时主句I was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth一般过去时 + 过去完成时时态解析：动词时态时间线removed一般过去时牙医取出棉球（过去动作）was able to tell一般过去时我才能够告诉（强调“终于成功”了）had pulled out过去完成时拔牙发生在 tell 之前（过去的过去）时间线：[dentist had pulled out wrong tooth] → [dentist removed cotton] → [I was able to tell]（先拔错了） （后取出棉球） （最后才说出）词法点：词组/单词用法说明at last终于/最后副词短语removed取出/移走remove = 移开from my mouth从我嘴里介词短语作状语was able to tell才/能够告诉强调“终于成功说出来了”had pulled out拔了（错误的牙）过去完成时（在 tell 之前发生）the wrong tooth错误的牙wrong = 错误的was able to 与 could 的区别：I was able to tell him = 我终于成功告诉他了（强调结果）I could tell him = 我能够告诉他（不强调是否真的说了）课文的幽默点：牙医拔完牙后悠闲地聊了一堆家常作者嘴里塞满棉花，只能点头或发出怪声最后棉球取出来，作者说：“你拔错牙了！”标题 "Did you want to tell me something?" 的妙处就在于此——牙医一直问他想说什么📊 全课时态总结表动词/短语时态作用ask一般现在时习惯性动作had pulled out过去完成时在叙述时间之前已拔牙had told过去完成时在叙述时间之前已告诉tried一般过去时试图was full of一般过去时充满（状态）knew一般过去时知道（状态）collected一般过去时收集（习惯）asked一般过去时问（动作）was growing过去进行时正在增长was (how my brother was)一般过去时兄弟怎么样liked一般过去时喜欢（状态）nodded / made一般过去时点头/发出was busy searching过去进行时正忙着找had been过去完成时牙齿原来在felt一般过去时感到could not say一般过去时（情态动词）无法说removed一般过去时取出was able to tell一般过去时成功告诉（强调结果）had pulled out过去完成时在 tell 之前已拔牙📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总搭配含义it is impossible for sb to do某人不可能做某事pull out拔出one of + 复数名词……之一rest for a while休息一会儿try to do试图做某事be full of充满……cotton wool棉球/药棉match boxes火柴盒in answer to作为对……的回答either...or...要么……要么……be busy doing忙着做某事search out努力搜寻并找到at last终于/最后remove from从……取出was able to do成功做到了the wrong tooth错误的牙/拔错了牙🎯 课文核心语法总结语法点课文例句说明① 过去完成时had pulled out / had told / had been / had pulled out (wrong tooth)表示“过去的过去”② 过去进行时my collection was growing / my tongue was busy searching强调过去某时刻正在进行的动作③ 间接疑问句语序how my brother was（不是 how was my brother）宾语从句用陈述语序④ be busy doingwas busy searching out忙着做某事（固定搭配）⑤ was able toI was able to tell him强调“成功做到了”⑥ where 定语从句the hole where the tooth had beenwhere = 在那里（关系副词，作状语，不能省略）
第1句原文：A public house which was recently bought by Mr. Ian Thompson is up for sale.中文翻译： 伊恩·汤普森先生最近买下的一家酒店现在要出售了。成分内容说明主语A public house一家酒店/酒吧定语从句which was recently bought by Mr. Ian Thompson一般过去时被动谓语is up for sale一般现在时时态解析：动词时态时间线was bought一般过去时被动买下（过去动作）is up for sale一般现在时现在待售（当前状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明public house酒馆/酒吧英式英语，常缩写为 pubwhich was recently bought最近被买下的定语从句，修饰 public housewas bought by被……买下被动语态 + by + 施动者recently最近常与现在完成时或一般过去时连用is up for sale待售/出售中固定短语定语从句：A public house which was recently bought by Mr. Ian Thompson= 被伊恩·汤普森先生最近买下的一家酒店which 在从句中作主语（被买的是房子），不能省略。up for sale 的用法：be up for sale = 待售（放在市场上卖）for sale = 待售（通用）on sale = 打折出售（美式）第2句原文：Mr. Thompson is going to sell it because it is haunted.中文翻译： 汤普森先生打算把它卖掉，因为它闹鬼。成分内容说明主语Mr. Thompson汤普森先生谓语is going to sell一般将来时（be going to）宾语it指代那家酒店原因状语从句because it is haunted一般现在时被动时态解析：动词时态说明is going to sell一般将来时（be going to）打算卖（将来计划）is haunted一般现在时被动闹鬼（当前状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明is going to sell打算卖be going to + 动词原形（将来计划）because因为连词，引导原因状语从句is haunted闹鬼haunt 的被动形式，表示“有鬼魂出没”haunted 的用法：The house is haunted.= 这房子闹鬼。haunted 是过去分词作形容词，表示“有鬼魂出没的”。例如：a haunted house = 鬼屋第3句原文：He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar.中文翻译： 他告诉我，有一天晚上他无法入睡，因为他听到酒吧里传来一种奇怪的声响。成分内容说明主语He他谓语told一般过去时间接宾语me我宾语从句that he could not go to sleep one night一般过去时（情态动词）原因状语从句because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明told一般过去时他告诉我（过去动作）could not go一般过去时（情态动词）无法入睡（过去能力/状态）heard一般过去时听到（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明told me that告诉我……tell + 人 + that 从句could not go to sleep无法入睡could not = 不能；go to sleep = 入睡one night有一天晚上过去时间状语heard听到hear 的过去式（不规则动词）a strange noise一种奇怪的声响strange = 奇怪的；noise = 噪音/声响coming from the bar从酒吧传来的现在分词短语作定语，修饰 noise感官动词 + 宾语 + 现在分词：He heard a strange noise coming from the bar.= 他听到一种奇怪的声响正从酒吧传来。hear + 宾语 + doing：听到某人/某物正在做某事对比：I heard him sing.（听到他唱了整首歌——全过程） I heard him **singing**.（听到他正在唱——片段）第4句原文：The next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved.中文翻译： 第二天早上，他发现门被椅子挡住了，家具也被移动了。成分内容说明时间状语The next morning第二天早上主语he 谓语found一般过去时宾语从句①that the doors had been blocked by chairs过去完成时被动连词and并且宾语从句②(that) the furniture had been moved过去完成时被动时态解析：动词时态时间线found一般过去时他发现（过去动作）had been blocked过去完成时被动门被挡住——发生在 found 之前had been moved过去完成时被动家具被移动——发生在 found 之前时间线：[doors had been blocked / furniture had been moved] → [he found]（先被挡住/被移动） （后被发现）词法点：词组/单词用法说明The next morning第二天早上过去时间状语found that发现……find + that 从句had been blocked已经被挡住了被动语态过去完成时by chairs被椅子by + 施动者（被动语态）the furniture家具不可数名词（集合名词）had been moved已经被移动了被动语态过去完成时被动语态（过去完成时）：主动：Someone had blocked the doors with chairs.被动：The doors had been blocked by chairs.主动：Someone had moved the furniture.被动：The furniture had been moved.furniture 是不可数名词：✅ the furniture was moved（家具被移动了——单数）❌ the furnitures were moved第5句原文：Though Mr. Thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning.中文翻译： 虽然汤普森先生在睡觉前关了灯，但早上它们还是亮着的。成分内容说明让步状语从句Though Mr. Thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed过去完成时 + 一般过去时主句they were on in the morning一般过去时时态解析：动词时态时间线had turned off过去完成时关灯——发生在 went 之前went一般过去时上床睡觉（过去动作）were on一般过去时灯亮着（过去状态）时间线：[had turned lights off] → [went to bed] → [morning: were on]（先关了灯） （后上床睡） （早上灯亮着）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Though虽然连词，引导让步状语从句had turned...off已经关掉了turn off = 关掉（电器/灯）before he went to bed在他上床睡觉之前before + 一般过去时were on亮着/开着be on = 开着（状态）in the morning早上时间状语turn off 与 be on：turn off = 关掉（动作）be on = 开着（状态）对比：He turned off the lights.（他关灯了——动作） The lights **were on**.（灯亮着——状态）第6句原文：He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk the night before.中文翻译： 他还说，他发现了五个空的威士忌酒瓶，那一定是鬼魂前一天晚上喝掉的。成分内容说明主语He 状语also也/还谓语said一般过去时宾语从句that he had found five empty whisky bottles过去完成时定语从句which the ghost must have drunk the night before情态动词 + 完成时（对过去的推测）时态解析：动词时态时间线said一般过去时他说（过去动作）had found过去完成时他发现——发生在 said 之前must have drunk情态动词 + 完成时对过去的推测：“一定喝掉了”时间线：[ghost must have drunk] → [he had found bottles] → [he said]（鬼魂先喝掉） （他先发现） （后来说）词法点：词组/单词用法说明also还/也副词，放在 said 前面said that说……said + that 从句had found已经发现过去完成时（found 的完成式）empty whisky bottles空的威士忌酒瓶empty = 空的；whisky = 威士忌which the ghost must have drunk鬼魂一定喝掉的定语从句修饰 bottlesmust have drunk一定喝掉了must + have done（对过去的肯定推测）the night before前一天晚上过去时间状语（比前文更早的过去）must have drunk（重点）：The ghost must have drunk the bottles.= 鬼魂一定喝掉了这些酒瓶里的酒。结构：must + have + 过去分词用法：表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测注意：drunk 是 drink 的过去分词，不是“醉的”（drunk 也可以作形容词）。定语从句 which the ghost must have drunk：bottles which the ghost must have drunk= 鬼魂一定喝掉了的酒瓶which 在从句中作宾语（drunk 的宾语），可以省略（但本句保留了）。第7句原文：When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr. Thompson shook his head.中文翻译： 当我暗示说一些村民一定进来喝过免费酒时，汤普森先生摇了摇头。成分内容说明时间状语从句When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink一般过去时 + 情态动词完成时主句Mr. Thompson shook his head一般过去时时态解析：动词时态说明suggested一般过去时我暗示/建议（过去动作）must have come情态动词 + 完成时对过去的推测：“一定进来了”shook一般过去时他摇了摇（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明suggested that暗示/建议……suggest + that 从句must have come in一定进来了come in = 进来（对过去的推测）for a free drink为了免费喝酒for + 目的shook his head摇了摇头shake 的过去式（摇头表否定）suggest 的用法（注意！）：含义结构示例暗示/指出（本句含义）suggest + that + 陈述语气I suggested that some villagers came in.建议suggest + that + 虚拟语气（should + 原形）I suggest that he (should) go.本句 suggested 的意思是“暗示”（不是“建议”），所以从句用陈述语气 must have come。must have come in for a free drink：对过去的推测：一些村民一定进来喝免费酒了。in for = 进来为了（for 表目的）第8句（结尾句）原文：The villagers have told him that they will not accept the pub even if he gives it away.中文翻译： 村民们已经告诉他，即使他白送，他们也不会接受那家酒馆。成分内容说明主语The villagers村民们谓语have told现在完成时间接宾语him他宾语从句that they will not accept the pub一般将来时让步状语从句even if he gives it away一般现在时（主将从现）时态解析：动词时态说明have told现在完成时已经告诉他（过去动作对现在有影响）will not accept一般将来时将不会接受（将来动作）gives一般现在时（主将从现）即使他给（从句用现在时表将来）时间线：[have told him] → [future: will not accept] (even if he gives it away)（已经告诉他） （将来不会接受）词法点：词组/单词用法说明have told已经告诉现在完成时（tell 的过去分词 told）will not accept将不会接受一般将来时否定the pub那家酒馆指前文的 public houseeven if即使引导让步状语从句（比 even though 更强调假设）gives it away白送/赠送give away = 赠送（give 的第三人称单数）主将从现（even if 从句）：...they will not accept the pub even if he gives it away.= 即使他白送，他们也不会接受。even if 引导的让步状语从句，用一般现在时表将来。give away 的用法：give away = 赠送/白送对比：give away the pub = 把酒馆白送人give up = 放弃课文的幽默点：鬼魂把酒喝光了，还会搬家具、开灯村民宁可不要免费酒馆，因为闹鬼太吓人了标题 "A thirsty ghost"（嗜酒的鬼魂）——鬼魂也爱喝酒！📊 全课时态总结表动词/短语时态作用was bought一般过去时被动房子被买下（过去动作）is up for sale一般现在时现在待售（当前状态）is going to sell一般将来时（be going to）打算卖（将来计划）is haunted一般现在时被动闹鬼（当前状态）told一般过去时告诉我（过去动作）could not go一般过去时（情态动词）无法入睡（过去状态）heard一般过去时听到（过去动作）found一般过去时发现（过去动作）had been blocked过去完成时被动在 found 之前已经被挡住had been moved过去完成时被动在 found 之前已经被移动had turned off过去完成时在 went 之前已经关灯went一般过去时上床睡觉were on一般过去时灯亮着（过去状态）said一般过去时说（过去动作）had found过去完成时在 said 之前已经发现must have drunk情态动词 + 完成时对过去的推测：一定喝掉了suggested一般过去时暗示（过去动作）must have come情态动词 + 完成时对过去的推测：一定进来了shook一般过去时摇了摇（过去动作）have told现在完成时已经告诉（影响现在）will not accept一般将来时将不会接受gives一般现在时（主将从现）即使他给📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总搭配含义public house酒馆/酒吧be up for sale待售be haunted闹鬼be going to do打算做某事go to sleep入睡hear + 宾语 + doing听到……正在做……coming from从……传来the next morning第二天早上had been blocked by被……挡住了turn off关掉（电器/灯）be on开着/亮着must have done一定已经……了（对过去的推测）the night before前一天晚上suggest that暗示/建议……shake one's head摇头even if即使（引导让步状语从句）give away赠送/白送have told已经告诉🎯 课文核心语法总结语法点课文例句说明① 过去完成时被动doors had been blocked / furniture had been moved表示“过去的过去”发生的被动动作② 情态动词 + 完成时（推测）ghost must have drunk / villagers must have come对过去事件的肯定推测③ 现在完成时The villagers have told him过去动作对现在有影响④ 主将从现even if he gives it away让步状语从句用现在时表将来⑤ 感官动词 + 现在分词heard a noise coming from the barhear + 宾语 + doing时态时间线全图：过去完成时 一般过去时 现在完成时 将来 （过去的过去） （叙述过去动作） （过去→现在） （将发生） | | | | [门被挡住] → [关灯] → [发现] → [告诉我] → [已经告诉他] → [不会接受] had been blocked turned off found told have told will not accept
新概念英语2 Lesson46 Expensive and uncomfortable
第1句原文：When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing.中文翻译： 当一架从伦敦来的飞机抵达悉尼机场时，工人们开始卸下一些装衣服的木箱子。成分内容说明时间状语从句When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport一般过去时主句workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes一般过去时定语从句which contained clothing一般过去时（修饰 boxes）时态解析：动词时态说明arrived一般过去时飞机抵达（过去动作）began一般过去时工人们开始（过去动作）contained一般过去时箱子装着衣服（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明from London从伦敦来的介词短语作定语，修饰 planearrived at抵达（小地点）arrive at + 机场/车站；arrive in + 城市/国家Sydney airport悉尼机场专有名词began to unload开始卸货begin to do = 开始做某事a number of一些/若干修饰可数名词复数wooden boxes木箱子wooden = 木制的（形容词）which contained clothing装着衣服的which 指代 boxes，在定语从句中作主语定语从句 which contained clothing：wooden boxes which contained clothing= 装着衣服的木箱子which 在从句中作主语，不能省略。第2句原文：No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy.中文翻译： 没有人能解释这个事实：其中一个箱子非常重。成分内容说明主语No one没有人谓语could account for一般过去时（情态动词）宾语the fact这个事实同位语从句that one of the boxes was extremely heavy一般过去时（解释 fact 的内容）时态解析：动词时态说明could account for一般过去时（情态动词）能够解释（过去能力）was一般过去时箱子很重（过去状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明No one没有人作主语，谓语用单数account for解释/说明固定短语the fact that...……这个事实that 引导同位语从句one of the boxes其中一个箱子one of + 复数名词extremely heavy非常重extremely = 极其（副词修饰形容词）同位语从句 that one of the boxes was extremely heavy：the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy= 其中一个箱子非常重这个事实that 引导同位语从句，解释 fact 的具体内容。第3句原文：It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box.中文翻译： 其中一个工人突然想到把箱子打开。成分内容说明形式主语It指代不定式谓语suddenly occurred to一般过去时真正主语to open up the box不定式短语时态解析：动词时态说明occurred to一般过去时突然想到（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明It occurred to sb to do某人突然想到做某事固定句型suddenly突然地副词，修饰 occurredone of the workers其中一个工人复数名词前用 one ofopen up打开open up + 容器/箱子occur to 的用法：It occurred to me to call him.= 我突然想到给他打电话。注意： occur to 的主语通常是想法或不定式，不是人。❌ I occurred to open the box.✅ It occurred to me to open the box.第4句原文：He was astonished at what he found.中文翻译： 他对所发现的东西感到非常惊讶。成分内容说明主语He他（指那个工人）谓语was astonished at一般过去时被动宾语what he found名词性从句（what = 所……的东西）时态解析：动词时态说明was astonished一般过去时被动感到惊讶（过去状态）found一般过去时发现（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明was astonished at对……感到惊讶be astonished at + 名词/从句what he found他所发现的东西what = the thing(s) thatbe astonished at 的用法：I was astonished at the news.= 我对这个消息感到惊讶。类似表达：surprised at / amazed at / shocked atwhat 从句：what he found= the thing that he found= 他所发现的东西第5句原文：A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woollen goods.中文翻译： 一个男人正躺在箱子里的一堆毛织品上面。成分内容说明主语A man一个男人谓语was lying过去进行时地点状语in the box在箱子里地点状语on top of a pile of woollen goods在一堆毛织品上面时态解析：动词时态说明was lying过去进行时正躺着（强调打开箱子时，他正躺着的状态）词法点：词组/单词用法说明was lying正躺着lie 的过去进行时（躺）on top of在……上面固定短语a pile of一堆修饰可数/不可数名词woollen goods毛织品/毛料商品woollen = 羊毛制的过去进行时的作用：A man was lying in the box.= 一个男人正躺在箱子里。强调打开箱子时，那个男人是正在躺着的状态，有画面感。lie 的三种意思：原形过去式过去分词含义lielaylain躺/位于lieliedlied说谎laylaidlaid放置/下蛋本句的 lying 是“躺”的意思（lie 的现在分词）。第6句原文：He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away.中文翻译： 他对被发现感到如此惊讶，以至于他甚至没有试图逃跑。成分内容说明主句He was so surprised at being discovered一般过去时结果状语从句that he did not even try to run away一般过去时（否定）时态解析：动词时态说明was surprised一般过去时感到惊讶（过去状态）did not try一般过去时（否定）没有试图（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明so + 形容词 + that如此……以至于……结果状语从句at being discovered对被发现（这件事）at + 动名词被动式did not even try甚至没有试图try to do = 试图做某事run away逃跑固定短语being discovered（动名词被动）：at being discovered= 对“被发现”这件事结构：being + 过去分词 = 被动语态的动名词形式对比：at discovering（主动：发现别人）at being discovered（被动：自己被别人发现）so...that 结构：He was so surprised that he did not even try to run away.= 他惊讶到以至于没有试图逃跑。第7句原文：After he was arrested, the man admitted hiding in the box before the plane left London.中文翻译： 他被逮捕之后，这个男人承认在飞机离开伦敦之前就躲进了箱子。成分内容说明时间状语从句①After he was arrested一般过去时被动主句the man admitted hiding in the box一般过去时时间状语从句②before the plane left London一般过去时时态解析：动词时态时间线was arrested一般过去时被动他被逮捕（过去动作）admitted一般过去时他承认（过去动作）left一般过去时飞机离开（过去动作）时间线：[plane left London] → [man hid in the box] → [man was arrested] → [man admitted]（飞机离开伦敦） （躲进箱子） （被逮捕） （承认）词法点：词组/单词用法说明After在……之后引导时间状语从句was arrested被逮捕被动语态（arrest = 逮捕）admitted hiding承认躲藏admit + doing = 承认做了某事before在……之前引导时间状语从句admit doing 与 admit to doing：结构含义说明admit doing承认做了某事admit + 动名词（本句用法）admit to doing承认做了某事admit to + 动名词（也可用）admit to do❌ 错误admit 后面不接不定式本句用 admitted hiding，表示“承认躲藏了”。第8句原文：He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours.中文翻译： 他经历了一次漫长而不舒服的旅行，因为他被限制在木箱里超过十八个小时。成分内容说明主句He had had a long and uncomfortable trip过去完成时原因状语for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours过去完成时被动时态解析：动词时态时间线had had过去完成时他经历了（在 admitted 之前已经完成）had been confined过去完成时被动他被限制（在 admitted 之前已经持续了18小时）时间线：[had been confined for 18 hours] → [had had a trip] → [admitted]（被关了18小时） （经历了一段旅程） （承认）词法点：词组/单词用法说明had had经历了第一个 had 是助动词，第二个 had 是 have 的过去分词（“经历/拥有”）long and uncomfortable漫长而不舒服的多个形容词修饰 tripfor因为并列连词，表补充原因（比 because 正式）had been confined to被限制在confine to = 限制在……范围for over eighteen hours超过十八个小时for + 时间段had been confined（过去完成时被动）：主动：Someone had confined him to the box.被动：He had been confined to the box.confine to 的用法：confine sb to + 地点 = 把某人限制在某个地方be confined to + 地点 = 被限制在某个地方第9句原文：The man was ordered to pay £3,500 for the cost of the trip. The normal price of a ticket is £2,000!中文翻译： 这个男人被命令支付3,500英镑作为这次旅行的费用。一张票的正常价格是2,000英镑！时态解析：动词时态说明was ordered一般过去时被动被命令（过去动作）is一般现在时正常价格是（客观事实，用现在时）词法点：词组/单词用法说明was ordered to pay被命令支付order sb to do → 被动：be ordered to do£3,5003,500英镑英镑符号for the cost of作为……的费用for + 费用/用途the normal price正常价格normal = 正常的a ticket一张票可数名词被动语态：was ordered to pay主动：The judge ordered him to pay £3,500.被动：He was ordered to pay £3,500.课文的幽默点：他偷渡花了 £3,500，而正常票价只有 £2,000。他不但没省钱，反而更贵了——这就是标题 Expensive and uncomfortable（既昂贵又受罪）的含义。📊 全课时态总结表动词/短语时态作用arrived一般过去时飞机抵达（过去动作）began一般过去时工人们开始（过去动作）contained一般过去时箱子装着衣服（过去状态）could account for一般过去时（情态动词）能够解释（过去能力）was (heavy)一般过去时箱子很重（过去状态）occurred to一般过去时突然想到（过去动作）was astonished一般过去时被动感到惊讶（过去状态）found一般过去时发现（过去动作）was lying过去进行时正躺着（强调状态）was surprised一般过去时感到惊讶（过去状态）did not try一般过去时（否定）没有试图was arrested一般过去时被动被逮捕admitted一般过去时承认left一般过去时飞机离开had had过去完成时经历了（在 admitted 之前）had been confined过去完成时被动被限制（在 admitted 之前）was ordered一般过去时被动被命令is一般现在时正常价格是（客观事实）📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总搭配含义arrive at + 小地点抵达……a number of一些/若干account for解释the fact that...……这个事实（同位语从句）occur to sb to do某人突然想到做某事open up打开be astonished at对……感到惊讶on top of在……上面a pile of一堆so + 形容词 + that如此……以至于……be surprised at对……感到惊讶being discovered被发现（动名词被动）run away逃跑be arrested被逮捕admit doing承认做了某事be confined to被限制在for + 时间段持续……时间be ordered to do被命令做某事the cost of……的费用🎯 课文核心语法总结语法点课文例句说明① 过去进行时A man was lying in the box.强调过去某时刻正在进行的动作② 过去完成时He had had a long trip / had been confined表示“过去的过去”③ 被动语态was astonished / was arrested / was ordered过去发生的被动动作④ 动名词被动at being discovered被发现的（这件事）⑤ 同位语从句the fact that one of the boxes was heavythat 解释 fact 的内容时态时间线全图：过去完成时 过去进行时 一般过去时 （过去的过去） （过去正在） （叙述过去动作） | | | [被关18小时] → [飞机抵达] → [打开箱子] → [被发现] → [被逮捕] → [被罚款] had been confined arrived opened up was discovered was arrested was ordered
第1句原文：The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.中文翻译： 整个村子很快得知，一大笔钱丢失了。成分内容说明主语The whole village整个村子（指全村的人）谓语learnt一般过去时宾语从句that a large sum of money had been lost过去完成时被动时态解析：动词时态时间线learnt一般过去时村子得知（过去动作）had been lost过去完成时被动钱丢失发生在 learnt 之前（过去的过去）时间线：[money had been lost] → [village learnt]（钱先丢了） （村子后得知）词法点：词组/单词用法说明The whole village全村人集合名词，指全村的人learnt得知/听说learn 的过去式（英式拼写，美式为 learned）a large sum of money一大笔钱sum = 金额/总数；修饰不可数名词 moneyhad been lost已经被丢失过去完成时被动（lost 是 lose 的过去分词）被动语态：had been lost主动：Someone had lost the money.被动：The money had been lost.第2句原文：Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office.中文翻译： 当地屠户萨姆·本顿在把存款送到邮局的路上丢失了钱包。成分内容说明主语Sam Benton, the local butcher萨姆·本顿（同位语：当地屠户）谓语had lost过去完成时宾语his wallet他的钱包时间状语while taking his savings to the post office现在分词短语（省略了 he was）时态解析：动词时态说明had lost过去完成时钱包丢失发生在“村子得知”之前（过去的过去）taking现在分词伴随动作，表示“在……的时候”时间线：[had lost his wallet] → [village learnt]（先丢钱包） （后村子得知）词法点：词组/单词用法说明the local butcher当地屠户同位语，解释 Sam Benton 的身份had lost丢失了过去完成时（lose 的过去分词 lost）while taking在……的时候时间状语从句的省略（while he was taking）savings存款/储蓄复数形式，表示“积蓄”post office邮局固定短语while + 现在分词（省略结构）：...while (he was) taking his savings to the post office.= ……当他正在把存款送到邮局的时候。当主句和从句主语一致时，可以省略 he was，只保留现在分词 taking。第3句原文：Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him.中文翻译： 萨姆确信钱包一定是被某个村民捡到了，但是并没有归还给他。成分内容说明主语Sam萨姆谓语was sure一般过去时宾语从句that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers情态动词 + 完成时被动连词but但是并列句it was not returned to him一般过去时被动（否定）时态解析：动词时态说明was sure一般过去时他确信（过去状态）must have been found情态动词 + 完成时被动对过去的肯定推测：一定已经被找到了was not returned一般过去时被动（否定）没有被归还词法点：词组/单词用法说明was sure确信be sure + that 从句must have been found一定已经被找到了must + have been done（对过去的肯定推测）by one of the villagers被某个村民by + 施动者（被动语态）was not returned to him没有被归还给他return = 归还must have been done（重点）：The wallet must have been found by one of the villagers.= 钱包一定被某个村民找到了。结构：must + have been + 过去分词用法：表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测（说话人认为可能性极大）被动语态：was returned主动：Someone returned it to him.被动：It was returned to him.第4句原文：Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door.中文翻译： 三个月过去了，然后一天早晨，萨姆在他家门口外面发现了他的钱包。成分内容说明主语Three months三个月谓语①passed一般过去时连词and then然后时间状语one morning一天早晨主语②Sam萨姆谓语②found一般过去时宾语his wallet他的钱包地点状语outside his front door在他家门口外面时态解析：动词时态说明passed一般过去时三个月过去了（过去动作）found一般过去时他发现了（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Three months passed三个月过去了pass = 流逝（不及物动词）one morning一天早晨过去时间状语outside his front door在他家门口外面outside + 地点pass 的用法：Three months passed.= 三个月过去了。注意： pass 在这里是不及物动词（没有宾语），表示“时间流逝”。第5句原文：It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: 'A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief!'中文翻译： 它被用报纸包着，里面装有他丢失的一半的钱，还有一张纸条，上面写着：“小偷，是的，但只有50%的小偷！”成分内容说明主语①It指钱包谓语①had been wrapped up过去完成时被动状语in newspaper用报纸连词and并且主语②it指钱包谓语②contained一般过去时宾语half the money一半的钱定语从句(that) he had lost过去完成时（修饰 money）状语together with a note连同/还有一张纸条定语从句which said一般过去时（修饰 note）时态解析：动词时态时间线had been wrapped up过去完成时被动钱包被包好，发生在 found 之前contained一般过去时装着（过去状态）had lost过去完成时他丢失的钱，发生在 found 之前said一般过去时纸条上写着（过去状态）时间线：[money had been lost] → [wallet had been wrapped up] → [Sam found it]（钱先丢） （钱包被包好） （萨姆发现）词法点：词组/单词用法说明had been wrapped up已经被包起来了wrap up = 包起来（过去完成时被动）in newspaper用报纸材料/方式状语contained装有/包含contain = 包含（及物动词）half the money一半的钱half + 名词he had lost他丢失的定语从句（省略 that），修饰 moneytogether with连同/还有介词短语，表示“附加”a note一张纸条可数名词which said上面写着which 指代 note，作从句主语per cent百分之……百分比被动语态：had been wrapped up主动：Someone had wrapped it up.被动：It had been wrapped up.half the money 的用法：half the money = 一半的钱（half + 名词，不加 of 也可以）也可以说：half of the moneytogether with 的主谓一致：A together with B = A 和 B 一起（谓语动词与 A 一致）例如：Sam, together with his friends, is going.第6句原文：Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with another note: 'Only 25 per cent a thief now!'中文翻译： 两个月后，更多的钱被寄给了萨姆，还有另一张纸条：“现在只有25%的小偷了！”成分内容说明时间状语Two months later两个月后主语some more money更多的钱谓语was sent一般过去时被动宾语to Sam给萨姆状语with another note还有另一张纸条直接引语'Only 25 per cent a thief now!'纸条内容时态解析：动词时态说明was sent一般过去时被动钱被寄出（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明Two months later两个月后过去时间状语some more money更多的钱some more + 不可数名词was sent to被寄给send 的过去式被动with another note附有另一张纸条with + 名词，表伴随被动语态：was sent主动：Someone sent the money to Sam.被动：The money was sent to Sam.some more 的用法：some more money = 更多一些钱some more = 再多一些（修饰不可数名词或复数名词）第7句原文：In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way.中文翻译： 最终，萨姆所有的钱都通过这种方式被还回来了。成分内容说明状语In time最终/及时地主语all Sam's money萨姆所有的钱谓语was paid back一般过去时被动状语in this way以这种方式时态解析：动词时态说明was paid back一般过去时被动钱被还回来了（过去动作）词法点：词组/单词用法说明In time最终/终于此处 = eventually（不是“准时”）all Sam's money萨姆所有的钱所有格 + 名词was paid back被还回来了pay back = 偿还/归还in this way以这种方式way 表示“方式/方法”pay back 的用法：pay back = 偿还/归还主动：Someone paid back the money.被动：The money was paid back.in time 的两种含义：含义示例最终/迟早In time, all the money was returned.及时He arrived in time for the train.第8句（结尾句）原文：The last note said: 'I am 100 per cent honest now!'中文翻译： 最后一张纸条上写着：“我现在是100%诚实了！”成分内容说明主语The last note最后一张纸条谓语said一般过去时直接引语'I am 100 per cent honest now!'一般现在时时态解析：动词时态说明said一般过去时纸条上写着（过去状态）am一般现在时直接引语中用现在时（“我现在……”）词法点：词组/单词用法说明The last note最后一张纸条last = 最后的/上一个的100 per cent百分之百完全地honest诚实的形容词课文的幽默点：小偷把钱分成几批还回来，每次附一张纸条。从50%小偷 → 25%小偷 → 100%诚实。小偷在“逐步洗白”自己，既有趣又讽刺。📊 全课时态总结表动词/短语时态作用learnt一般过去时村子得知（过去动作）had been lost过去完成时被动钱丢失发生在 learnt 之前had lost过去完成时萨姆丢钱包发生在 learnt 之前taking现在分词while 省略结构was sure一般过去时他确信（过去状态）must have been found情态动词 + 完成时被动对过去的肯定推测was not returned一般过去时被动（否定）没有被归还passed一般过去时时间流逝found一般过去时他发现had been wrapped up过去完成时被动在 found 之前已经被包好contained一般过去时装着（过去状态）had lost过去完成时在 found 之前丢失said (note)一般过去时纸条上写着was sent一般过去时被动钱被寄出was paid back一般过去时被动钱被还回来said (last note)一般过去时最后一张纸条上写着am (I am honest)一般现在时直接引语中的现在状态📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总搭配含义The whole village全村人a large sum of money一大笔钱post office邮局while taking在……的时候（省略结构）be sure that确信……must have been done一定已经被……（对过去的推测）return to归还给wrap up包起来together with连同/还有in newspaper用报纸half the money一半的钱per cent百分之……two months later两个月后some more money更多的钱pay back偿还/归还in time最终/及时地in this way以这种方式🎯 课文核心语法总结语法点课文例句说明① 过去完成时被动a large sum of money had been lost / It had been wrapped up表示“过去的过去”发生的被动动作② 情态动词 + 完成时被动the wallet must have been found对过去事件的肯定推测③ 一般过去时被动it was not returned / money was sent / money was paid back过去发生的被动动作④ while + 现在分词省略结构while taking his savings省略了 he was时态时间线全图：过去完成时 过去完成时被动 一般过去时 （过去的过去） （过去的过去被动） （叙述过去动作） | | | [丢钱包] → [钱丢失] → [钱包被包好] → [萨姆发现] → [钱陆续被还] had lost had been lost had been wrapped up found was sent
1.简单陈述句简单陈述句的构成---核心主语 + 谓语v.Birds fly 鸟飞We walk 我们散步The play was interesting.简单陈述句的变化Boys talkBoys were talkingLovely boys were talking loudlyYesterday after class lovely boys were talking loudly about the exam in the classroomI goI wentI went to the theatreLast week I went to the theatreI have a seatI had a seatI had a very good seat简单陈述句的变化 --- 谓语动词的变化（三态+一否）时态，语态，情态，否定They were talking loudly 时态It was bought by my grandfather 它被我祖父买了 (被动)语态I could not heat the actors 情态I did not enjoy it 否定简单陈述句的分类They meet 主谓 vi.不及物I love you 主谓宾 vt.及物I tell you a secret 主谓双宾I find you interesting 主谓宾补You are beautiful 主系表​ 下面的单词必须满足词义的条件才是主系表​ 1、be动词（单独出现）​ 2、get become turn go grow '变得'​ 3、look sound smell taste feel 看起来 / 听起来 / 闻起来 / 品尝起来 / 感觉起来2.时态一般现在时​ 表示现在经常性习惯性的动作​ We have the English class every day​ I never get up early on Sundays ​ I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime​ He often gets up late​ 搭配频度副词​ always、usually、frequently、often、sometimes、seldom、rarely、hardly、never...​ 表示现在的状态​ I am a teacher​ It is one o'clock​ 表示永恒​ The earth is round 地球是圆的 科学事实​ The earth moves around the sun 客观真理​ Practice makes perfect 练习产生完美(熟能生巧) 名言警句​ 一般现在变否定疑问He is happyYou like EnglishHe likes EnglishHe is not happyYou do not like EnglishHe does not like EnglishIs he happy?Do you like EnglishDose he like EnglishHow is he?What do you like?What does he like?现在进行时​ 表示现在正在进行的事 现在有狭义(此时此刻)和广义(大的时间段/现阶段)​ I am having breakfast now​ 表示将来确定要发生的事​ I am coming to see you​ We are arriving at...​ The old man is dying​ 现在进行变否定疑问He is listeningHe is not listeningIs he listening?What is he doing一般过去时​ 表示过去发生的事​ 一般过去时变否定疑问You were happyThey had a meetingYou were not happyThey did not have a meetingWere you happy?Did they have a meeting?现在完成时​ have/has + done(v.过去分词)​ 现在全部完成​ 现在部分完成​ 现在的之前​ He has finished the homework 他完成了作业(现在的之前完成了)​ We have learned English for ten years 我们学习英语长达十年了(现在的之前已经学习了)​ 现在完成时变否定疑问He has finished the homeworkHe has not finished the homeworkHas he finished the homeworkWhat has he donehave been to... 去过... (双程，人已经回来)have gone to... 去了... (单程，人还没回来)have been + 形容词/名词 一直....​ 常搭配词组​ just 刚刚 already 已经 ever 曾经 never 从不​ yet 已经，否定疑问，放句尾​ so far / up to now / before / lately ​ for + 一段时间​ since +过去的时间过去进行时常搭配 when while aswhile、as一般搭配延续性的事情when没有限制，万能词句式结构例子肯定主语 + was/were + 现在分词I was sleeping. / They were talking.否定主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词I was not (wasn't) sleeping.疑问Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词？Were you sleeping?规则：I / He / She / It → wasYou / We / They → were用法说明例子1. 过去某一时刻正在做强调动作在过去的某个时间点正在进行At 8 pm, I was watching TV.2. 过去某段时间持续做强调动作在过去的一段时间内持续发生They were talking loudly all morning.3. 与一般过去时搭配长动作（进行时）被短动作（一般过去时）打断I was reading when the phone rang.一般将来时一般将来时由will（第一人称可用shall）加动词原型构成，可以预言将来发生的事，如说出我们设想会发生的事或者请对方预言将要发生什么事。will可用于所有人称You and I will work in the same office你和我将在同一个办公室工作will在书面语和流利的口语中，可做缩略为'll，如 I'll we'll you'll等在否定句中，will not可以缩略为 -'ll not 或者 won'tHe will be a teacher will后面跟原型，所以用beHe will not be a teacher Will he be a teacher?He is going to be a teacherHe is not going to be a teacherIs he going to be a teacher?将来进行时主语 + will/shall + be + 现在分词构成通常用于表示最近或很久的将来正在进行的动作。试与现在进行时比较你想表达推荐时态将来可能发生的事一般将来时将来某个时间点正在做将来进行时强调将来 正在进行/确定要发生将来进行时礼貌地询问计划将来进行时用法：将来某时正在进行/确定要发生的将来I will be waiting here at 10:00 tomorrow过去完成时形式：had + done用法：过去的之前When he got there, she was not there,She had leftShe had not leftHad she leftWhat had she left过去将来时1、功能：表示过去的计划、打算或即将发生的事情2、结构：​ 主语 + was/were +going to​ 主语 + would + v​ He told me he would come to Beijing 他告 诉我他将会来北京3.主谓双宾He lend me a book双宾语 = 人 + 物那些及物动词能接双宾语单独能接人，又单独能接物，就能接双宾语双宾语动词 + sb. + sth = 双宾语动词 + sth. + to/for+ sb.She gave me a book = She gave a book to beI cooked him a meal = I cooked a meal for him4.have been + 形容词/名词 —— 持续的状态表示“从过去一直持续到现在的状态”。I have been busy all day.（我一整天都很忙。）She has been a teacher for ten years.（她当了十年老师。）We have been friends since childhood.（我们从童年起就是朋友。）5.He is finding this trip very exciting.他觉得这次旅行非常令人兴奋。核心语法（新概念 2 L4 重点句型）结构：find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语find + sb/sth + 形容词表示：觉得 / 发现…… 怎么样He finds this trip exciting. 他觉得旅行很刺激。I find the movie interesting. 我觉得电影很有趣。时态：现在进行时 is finding这里find 不是 “寻找”，是 “觉得、认为”，用进行时：正在渐渐觉得、越发觉得，比一般现在时更生动。exciting /excited 区分（必考）exciting：令人兴奋的（事物：trip, book, news）excited：感到兴奋的（人：I am excited）6.from...to... 从...到...时间：from … to … 从… 到…from morning to night 从早到晚地点：from … to … 从… 到…from Beijing to Shanghai 从北京到上海范围：从… 到…What's the distance from A to B? A到B的距离是多少？The distance is 80 kilometers.How far is A from BIt's about 80 kilometers7.one...to the other... 一个...到另一个some...others... 一些...到另一些8.be + 距离 + from… 离…… 多远Xian is only five minutes from Zhouzhi9.call on sb./call at sp 拜访某人/某地call on sb 拜访某人He calls on his grandfather every week call at sp 拜访某地He calls at every house in the street once a month10.冠词定冠词 the 特指不定冠词 a/an 泛指冠词泛指特指接可数名词单数a/anthe接可数名词复数some/不加冠词the接不可数名词some/不加冠词the12.ask ... 常见搭配He ask me for a meal and a glass of beer 他向我要了一顿饭和一杯啤酒She asked for help 她请求帮助A man asked for the manager. 有个人要见经历ask (someone) a question问（某人）一个问题Can I ask you a question?ask about询问关于……的情况He asked about your health.ask after问候、问安（健康等）She asked after your mother.ask for要、要求I asked for a cup of coffee.ask sb. for sth要求某人做某事 ask to do请求做某事He asked to leave early.ask someone to do请某人做某事She asked me to help her.ask for someone要求见某人 / 找某人Someone asked for you on the phone.13.in return for... 作为对...的回报In return for this 作为对此的回报14.take...off... 把……从……上取下/拿走take...off... 表示 “把……从……上取下/拿走”，强调某物离开某处。take + 某物 + off + 某处He took his hat off his head.（他把帽子从头上拿下来。）She took her glasses off her face.（她把眼镜从脸上取下来。）Two men took the parcel off the plane.15.keep guard 看守They were keeping guard at the door16.be full of 充满……The room is full of people 房间充满了人This box is full of old books 这个箱子里全是旧书The parcel was full of stones and sand 这个包裹里全是石头和沙子17.enter for 报名参加...18.形容词和副词的比较级形容词/副词的作用形容词 修饰名词，一般放在名词前或者系动词后面​ This is a wonderful world ​ We are living in a beautiful new house​ Their sleeping bags were warm and comfortable 这个睡袋是温暖和舒适的副词 修饰动词/句子/其他的形容词或副词形容词副词的原级比较（待完善）形容词副词的比较级​ adj./adv.的比较级 + （than 比较的对象）​ (和......相比)更......​ 通常用于两者之间的比较​ I am taller than you 我比你更高​ Air tickets are more expensive than train tickets 飞机票比火车票更贵形容词副词最高级​ the + adj./adv.的最高级 + （介词短语表示比较的范围）​ (......范围内)最......​ 通常用于三者或以上的比较​ My younger sister is the tallest one in her class.​ 最高级介词一般用 of 和 in，in一般接地点、场所。of一般接比较的对象​ He is the tallest in our class 他在我们班里最高 in接场所​ He is the tallest of all the students 他是所有学生中最高的 of接对象​ Which is the longest river in the workd?​ This stereo is the most expensive of all the ones in the shop不规则变化的比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworsemany/muchmoremostlittle/a littlelessleastold 老/旧older(年龄、旧)/elder(年龄)oldest(年龄、旧)/eldest(年龄)farfarther(距离)/further(距离、更深意义)farthest(距离)/furthest(距离、更深意义)多音节比较多音节形容词的比较级和最高级，其实是一个 4 个词的完整系统：级别肯定（强调多）否定（强调少）比较级more（更……）less（更不……）最高级most（最……）least（最不…… / 最少）19.prize for + 事物 固定搭配：因…… 获奖 / 针对…… 设立的奖项公式：win a prize for sth 因为某事得奖例：win a prize for good grades 因成绩优异获奖win a prize for the ugliest house 因房子最丑获奖I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town 我总是获得一个镇上最差花园的小奖20.a large crowd of... 一大群...21.表示时间的介词短语时间介词：inin 1992 / January / summer in接大范围，年月季节in the morning / afternoon / evening 上午、下午、晚上也用inin...minutes' time 在...时间之后in twenty minutes' tiem 在20分钟之后时间介词：onon MondayOn july 7th.On Wednesday eveningon the morning of July 7th.时间介词：atat 8 o'clockat midnight / noonat night时间介词意思before之前after之后since自从until直到during在...时间段for持续...by截止到from...till/to...从开始...到结束...22.被动语态be+done1、被动的动作2、被动的时间3、主语的单复数教室每天都打扫 Classrooms are cleaned every day这座新大楼去年建造的 The new building was built last year时态他每天被打 He is beaten every day他昨天被打了 He was beaten yesterday他明天将要被打 He will be beaten tomorrow他现在正在被打 He is being beaten now 现在进行am/is/are being done​ 相对应过去进行 was/were being done他现在已经被打了 He has been beaten 现在完成 have/has been done​ 相对应过去完成 had been done时态被动结构 (be + done)肯定句否定句疑问句一般现在时am/is/are + doneThe room is cleaned.The room is not cleaned.Is the room cleaned?一般过去时was/were + doneThe room was cleaned.The room was not cleaned.Was the room cleaned?一般将来时will be + doneThe room will be cleaned.The room will not be cleaned.Will the room be cleaned?过去将来时would be + doneThe room would be cleaned.The room would not be cleaned.Would the room be cleaned?现在进行时am/is/are + being + doneThe room is being cleaned.The room is not being cleaned.Is the room being cleaned?过去进行时was/were + being + doneThe room was being cleaned.The room was not being cleaned.Was the room being cleaned?现在完成时have/has + been + done 已经被...The room has been cleaned.The room has not been cleaned.Has the room been cleaned?过去完成时had + been + doneThe room had been cleaned.The room had not been cleaned.Had the room been cleaned?将来完成时will have been + doneThe room will have been cleaned.The room will not have been cleaned.Will the room have been cleaned?情态动词情态动词 + be + doneThe room must be cleaned.The room must not be cleaned.Must the room be cleaned?情态动词的被动语态情态动词被动语态 · 完整表格情态动词被动结构肯定句否定句疑问句cancan be + doneThe room can be cleaned. 房间能被打扫。The room cannot be cleaned. 房间不能被打扫。Can the room be cleaned? 房间能被打扫吗？couldcould be + doneThe room could be cleaned. 房间当时能被打扫。The room could not be cleaned. 房间当时不能被打扫。Could the room be cleaned? 房间当时能被打扫吗？maymay be + doneThe room may be cleaned. 房间可能会被打扫。The room may not be cleaned. 房间可能不会被打扫。May the room be cleaned? 房间可能会被打扫吗？mightmight be + doneThe room might be cleaned. 房间也许会被打扫。The room might not be cleaned. 房间也许不会被打扫。Might the room be cleaned? 房间也许会被打扫吗？mustmust be + doneThe room must be cleaned. 房间必须被打扫。The room must not be cleaned. 房间禁止被打扫。Must the room be cleaned? 房间必须被打扫吗？shouldshould be + doneThe room should be cleaned. 房间应该被打扫。The room should not be cleaned. 房间不应该被打扫。Should the room be cleaned? 房间应该被打扫吗？ought toought to be + doneThe room ought to be cleaned. 房间理应被打扫。The room ought not to be cleaned. 房间理应不被打扫。Ought the room to be cleaned? 房间理应被打扫吗？willwill be + doneThe room will be cleaned. 房间将会被打扫。The room will not be cleaned. 房间将不会被打扫。Will the room be cleaned? 房间将会被打扫吗？wouldwould be + doneThe room would be cleaned. 房间过去将被打扫。The room would not be cleaned. 房间过去将不会被打扫。Would the room be cleaned? 房间过去将被打扫吗？have tohave/has to be + doneThe room has to be cleaned. 房间必须被打扫（客观要求）。The room does not have to be cleaned. 房间不必被打扫。Does the room have to be cleaned? 房间必须被打扫吗？情态动词 + 完成式被动（对过去的推测）情态动词被动结构肯定句否定句疑问句must havemust have been + doneThe room must have been cleaned. 房间一定已经被打扫了。The room must not have been cleaned. 房间一定还没有被打扫。Must the room have been cleaned? 房间一定已经被打扫了吗？may havemay have been + doneThe room may have been cleaned. 房间可能已经被打扫了。The room may not have been cleaned. 房间可能还没有被打扫。May the room have been cleaned? 房间可能已经被打扫了吗？might havemight have been + doneThe room might have been cleaned. 房间也许已经被打扫了。The room might not have been cleaned. 房间也许还没有被打扫。Might the room have been cleaned? 房间也许已经被打扫了吗？could havecould have been + doneThe room could have been cleaned. 房间本来可能已经被打扫了（但实际没扫）。The room could not have been cleaned. 房间绝不可能已经被打扫了。Could the room have been cleaned? 房间本来可能已经被打扫了吗？should haveshould have been + doneThe room should have been cleaned. 房间本该已经被打扫了（但实际没扫）。The room should not have been cleaned. 房间本不该被打扫（但实际扫了）。Should the room have been cleaned? 房间本该已经被打扫了吗？would havewould have been + doneThe room would have been cleaned. 房间本来会被打扫（但条件没满足）。The room would not have been cleaned. 房间本来不会被打扫。Would the room have been cleaned? 房间本来会被打扫吗？can't havecan't have been + done—The room can't have been cleaned. 房间绝不可能已经被打扫了。Can the room have been cleaned? 房间有可能已经被打扫了吗？（少用）情态动词 + 进行时被动（正在被做）情态动词被动结构肯定句否定句疑问句mustmust be being + doneThe room must be being cleaned. 房间一定正在被打扫。The room must not be being cleaned. 房间一定没有在被打扫。Must the room be being cleaned? 房间一定正在被打扫吗？maymay be being + doneThe room may be being cleaned. 房间可能正在被打扫。The room may not be being cleaned. 房间可能没有在被打扫。May the room be being cleaned? 房间可能正在被打扫吗？mightmight be being + doneThe room might be being cleaned. 房间也许正在被打扫。The room might not be being cleaned. 房间也许没有在被打扫。Might the room be being cleaned? 房间也许正在被打扫吗？couldcould be being + doneThe room could be being cleaned. 房间可能正在被打扫。（不太确定）The room could not be being cleaned. 房间不可能正在被打扫。Could the room be being cleaned? 房间可能正在被打扫吗？shouldshould be being + doneThe room should be being cleaned. 房间应该正在被打扫。The room should not be being cleaned. 房间不应该正在被打扫。Should the room be being cleaned? 房间应该正在被打扫吗？wouldwould be being + doneThe room would be being cleaned. 房间本来会正在被打扫。The room would not be being cleaned. 房间本来不会正在被打扫。Would the room be being cleaned? 房间本来会正在被打扫吗？一句话记住一般被动：情态动词 + be + done过去被动：情态动词 + have been + done进行被动：情态动词 + be being + done如果你愿意，我可以把 主动表被动 的特殊情况（如 need doing）也按同样格式整理成表格。23.情态动词表推测could 和 might 既是 can / may 的“过去式”（表时间），也是它们的“弱化版”（表不确定）。在表推测时，它们不表示过去，只表示“可能性更小”。情态动词时间结构示例中文must现在must + 动词原形He must be at home now.他现在一定在家。 过去must have doneHe must have been at home yesterday.他昨天一定在家。 进行must be doingHe must be sleeping now.他现在一定在睡觉。 过去进行must have been doingHe must have been sleeping then.他那时一定在睡觉。may现在may + 动词原形He may be at home now.他现在可能在家。 过去may have doneHe may have been at home yesterday.他昨天可能在家。 进行may be doingHe may be sleeping now.他现在可能在睡觉。 过去进行may have been doingHe may have been sleeping then.他那时可能在睡觉。might现在might + 动词原形He might be at home now.他现在也许在家。 过去might have doneHe might have been at home yesterday.他昨天也许在家。 进行might be doingHe might be sleeping now.他现在也许在睡觉。 过去进行might have been doingHe might have been sleeping then.他那时也许在睡觉。could现在could + 动词原形He could be at home now.他现在可能在家。 过去could have doneHe could have been at home yesterday.他昨天可能在家。 进行could be doingHe could be sleeping now.他现在可能在睡觉。 过去进行could have been doingHe could have been sleeping then.他那时可能在睡觉。can't现在can't + 动词原形He can't be at home now.他现在不可能在家。 过去can't have doneHe can't have been at home yesterday.他昨天不可能在家。 进行can't be doingHe can't be sleeping now.他现在不可能在睡觉。 过去进行can't have been doingHe can't have been sleeping then.他那时不可能在睡觉。24.made in/of/from/bymade in 表示产地， It was made in Germanymade of 表示用某种材料制成 The teapot is made of silver茶壶是银制的made from 表示用数种材料制成 Class is made from sand and lime 玻璃是沙子和石灰制成的made by 表示制造的人 This cake was made by my sister 这块蛋糕是我姐姐做的25.That's where... 那就是……的地方This is the living room. That's where we keep the clavichord. 这是客厅。那就是我们放置击弦古钢琴的地方。The library is over there. That's where I study every day.图书馆在那边。那就是我每天学习的地方。26.early late用于早中晚前We'll meet him at the harbour early in the morning明天一大早我们将会为他送行27.say goodbye to sb 向...告别We'll say goodbye to him 我们将会向他告别28.set out 出发、动身I will set out at eight o'clockset out = set off29.be proud of (sb.) 为(某人)感到自豪We are very pround of him 我们为他感到非常自豪Mr.Baker is pround of his son 贝克先生为他的儿子感到自豪30.take part in 参加、参与(某项活动)(固定搭配)He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.We all took part in the competition 我们都参加了这场竞赛31.be away 、leave 离开He will be away for two monthsHe will leave for two months ❌️He will leave leave是瞬间的，不能搭配一段时间away 是离开延续的状态，可以接时间32.名词的所有格我们一般只对人和某些生物用's 名词所有格最简单的规则：除了以-s结尾的复数名词只需要加 ' ,任何人称名词都可以加 's1、在单数名词及不以-s结尾的人名后加 's​ a child's words​ Tom's new job2、以-s结尾的单数名词后加's​ a waiteress's job3、在规则的复数名词之后加省字号 '​ boys' school4、如果and连接人名，则在第二个名字加's​ John and Mary's child5、以-s结尾的人名后加 -s​ Mr. Jones' / Jones's car33.try to do 尽力/努力 做某事I will try to do my homework.34.always the same 总是老样子固定搭配，表示 情况总是如此，没有变化It is always the same on these occasions35.副词 on副词on紧跟在动词后面可以表示“向前” “继续下去”等意义He talked on until everybody had gone 他滔滔不绝地讲到大家都走了I drove on to the next town36.in the south of France 在法国的南部in the north of China 在中国的北部37.on the way 在路上on the way to... 在去...的路上On the way to the company 在去公司的路上on one's way to... 在某人去...的路上On my way to the company 在我去公司的路上38.as soon as 一...就...As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him39.in (language) 用...语言As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French他一上车，我就用法语对他说good morning40.apart from / except / except for 除......以外三者都表示 除......以外 ，有时可以互相代替使用except不用于句首，apart from/except for则可以41.neither of... 两者都不 none of...两者以上都不...neither of us spoke during the journey42.arrive 和 reach中文翻译：reach：到达（及物动词，后面直接跟地点）arrive：到达（不及物动词，后面需要加介词）核心区别对比项reacharrive词性及物动词不及物动词后面跟什么直接 + 地点arrive at + 小地点 / arrive in + 大地点是否需要介词❌ 不需要✅ 需要（at / in）正式程度中性中性详细解析1. reach —— 到达（直接加地点）结构：reach + 地点（不需要介词）句子中文We reached Beijing at 8 pm.我们晚上8点到达了北京。What time will you reach the station?你什么时候到车站？She reached home late last night.她昨晚很晚才到家。2. arrive —— 到达（需要加介词）结构：arrive at + 小地点 / arrive in + 大地点地点大小介词示例中文小地点（车站、机场、学校、商店）atarrive at the station到达车站大地点（城市、国家）inarrive in Beijing到达北京示例：句子中文We arrived at the airport on time.我们准时到达了机场。She arrived in London yesterday.她昨天到达了伦敦。What time does the train arrive at the station?火车什么时候到站？43.直接引语-间接引语他说：“我是笨蛋”他说我是笨蛋 ❌️他说他是笨蛋主语一般现在，从句任意时态He says, 'I am a fool' 直接引语He says he is a fool 间接引语主语一般过去，从句相应过去从句原时态（直接引语）从句变后时态（间接引语）一般现在一般过去取现在完成过去完成一般过去过去完成一般将来过去将来cancouldwillwouldbe going towouldmaymightHe said, 'I am a fool.'He said he was a fool.He said,'I will go to Italy.'He said he would go to Italy.He said, 'I went to Italy.'He said he had gone to Italy44.in a ... voice 用...的声音固定搭配，表示“以某种声音说话”in a loud voice 大声地in a soft voice 轻声地in a weak voice 用微弱的声音in a trembling voice 用颤抖的声音She spoke in a sofe voice 她轻声说话I said in a weak voice 我用微弱的声音说45.fail to do sth.失败了去做某事fail to obey it 失败了去遵守它（没能遵守它）They fail to finish the work on time 他们没能按时完成工作46.条件状语从句状语从句：一个句子做状语，针对主句去表达描述性的信息if条件状语从句真实条件句if一般现在，主句一般将来if you don't hurry, you will miss the train If he is out, I will call him tomorrowIf he is working, I won't disturb himif一般将来，主句一般将来 是错误的，如果想用if表示用变将来，if必须用一般现在If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home ❌️If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home✅️ if从句主句假设过去过去的各种时态过去将来时假设现在现在的各种时态一般将来时假设将来一般现在时一般将来时46let + 人 + 动词原形let 表示“让、允许”，后面跟不带 to 的动词原形。Let me help you.（让我帮你。）She lets her son stay up late.（她让她儿子熬夜。）He lets you go.（他让你走。）47.fail to do sth. 没能做到...cannot fail to do 不可能做不到 -> 一定能做到48.pay for... 为...付钱you can pay for my dinner 你可以付我的饭钱pay for someone 替某人付钱I'll pay for you 我会替你付钱49.in spite of ... 尽管/不管...固定短语 尽管... 后面可以跟名词、代词、或从句In spite of the rain 尽管下雨In spite of what you have said about her 不管你说他什么50.as的几种用法1、作为介词，它可以表示“作为”、“以...身份”等In this film, he appeared as a policeman在这部剧中，他出演，以一名警察的身份（他扮演一名警察）As a mechanic, he can't always keep himself clean作为一名机修工，他无法总保持身上干净2、作为连词，他可以表示“因为”、“正当...时候”、”以...方式“、“如同...那样”You must take care of the baby tomorrow as I am going to London由于我要去伦敦，你明天必须照料这孩子 （因为，由于）As we were talking about him, he kocked at the door正当我们谈论他的时候，他敲门了 （正当...时候）She cooked the dinner as her mother taught her他按照母亲教他的方式做了晚餐 （以...方式）51.have实义动词：有 / 吃喝玩乐做I have a bookShe has a bookHe had a surprisehave a meal have breakfasthave some water have funhave a good time have a swim表否定I have a book I don't have a bookShe has lunch She doesn't have lunchHe had a good time He didn't have a good time助动词（完成时态中）I have received a letterShe has bought a giftHe has left表否定I have not received a letterShe has not bought a giftHe had not left52.hurry to sw. / rush to sw.匆忙去...Why did she leave her phone?She must have herried to school 她为什么落下了手机，她当时一定匆忙的去了学校in a hurry 这时 hurry是名词，处于匆忙的状态。I am in a hurry53.It's a pity that...很遗憾...It's a pity that we can't afford that 很遗憾 我们不能支付起那个It's a pity that he didn't pay any attention 很遗憾他没有注意It's a pity that he didn't reply to the letter 很遗憾他没有回复这封信What a pity 真遗憾54.good at... 擅长...后面接名词或动名词（doing）结构示例中文good at + 名词She is good at math.她擅长数学。good at + 动名词（doing）He is good at swimming.他擅长游泳。at是介词，所以后面如果接动词，必须用动名词(-ing)，不能用动词原型否定和疑问形式类型示例中文否定I am not good at singing.我不擅长唱歌。疑问Are you good at cooking?你擅长做饭吗？回答Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.是的 / 不是55.动名词动词变成名词v. + ing = n.动词n.名词v.swimswimmingdive跳高divingski滑雪skiingskate滑冰skating动名词可以作 主语 宾语 表语 介词后动名词举例动名词作主语Swimming is my favorite sport动名词作宾语I like swimming动名词作表语My favorite sport is swimming动名词在介词后I am interested in swimming他走出了餐馆，没有付账He went out of the restaurant. He did not pay the billHe went out of the restaurant without paying the bill playing是动名词 without是介词她听到了这个消息后晕倒了After she heard the news, she fainted.After hearing the news, she fainted after这里不作连词而作介词，hearing是动名词回答我的问题前仔细想想Think carefully, Answer my questionThink carefully before answering my question before这里作介词以上三个例子，主语需要一致56.waste 浪费作名词时a waste of + n(名词)被浪费的东西 表示对...的浪费a waste of time 浪费时间a waste of money 浪费钱These meetings are a waste of time 这些会议是在浪费时间作动词时结构含义示例中文waste + 时间/金钱浪费……Don't waste food.别浪费食物。waste + 时间/金钱 + on + 名词把……浪费在……上（后面接“东西”）He waste money on junk food他把钱浪费在垃圾食品上waste + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing把……浪费在……上（后面接“动作”）waste time (in) playing games把时间浪费在打游戏上She waste three hours 她浪费了三小时 *1Why waste money on clothes you don't need *2He wasted the whole day playing games 他把一整天浪费在打游戏上 *3She wasted time in waiting for him 她把时间浪费在等他上 *3You are wasting your time trying explain it to him 你试图跟他解释实在浪费时间 *3作形容词waste paper 废纸waste water 废水waste material 废料57.be interested in...对...感兴趣结构示例中文interested in + 名词/动名词对……感兴趣表示“某人对某事有兴趣”interested in + 名词I'm interested in history.我对历史感兴趣。interested in + 动名词 (doing)I'm interested in learning English.我对学英语感兴趣。规则：in 是介词，后面如果接动词，必须用 动名词（-ing），不能用动词原形。She is not interested in taking part in that new play58.be keen on ... 对...非常感兴趣结构示例中文be keen on + 名词/动名词热衷于…… / 对……非常感兴趣比 interested in 强，相当于“很喜欢、很着迷”be keen on + 名词She's keen on music.她非常喜欢音乐。be keen on + 动名词 (doing)He's keen on playing basketball.他热衷于打篮球。59.went out of...走出...He went out of the restaurant. out是副词，went是不及物，需要加of他走出了餐馆60.with withoutwith = 有 / 带着 / 用……without = 没有 / 不带 / 不用……用法withwithout伴随（和……一起）I went with her.I went without her.携带（带有……）a girl with red haira girl without red hair工具/方式（用……）cut it with a knifecut it without a knife条件（如果有/没有）With your help, I can do it.Without your help, I can't.反义（有 vs 无）coffee with sugarcoffee without sugarwith 的常见用法用法示例中文和某人一起I live with my parents.我和父母住在一起。带有某种特征a man with glasses一个戴眼镜的男人用某种工具write with a pen用钢笔写字表示伴随状态sleep with the window open开着窗睡觉表示原因/条件With so much work, I'm tired.有这么多工作，我很累。without 的常见用法用法示例中文没有某人Don't go without me.别丢下我一个人去。缺少某物I can't live without you.没有你我活不下去。不用某物He left without saying goodbye.他没说再见就走了。表示条件Without water, we can't survive.没有水，我们无法生存。with 和 without后面接动词需要用动名词61.even + 比较用以加强比较句子含义语气I am less lucky.我没那么幸运。陈述事实I am even less lucky.我甚至更不幸运。加强语气，强调“程度更深”62.instead of doing sth. 没有做某事Instead of ... 可以理解为适合场景“不是……，而是……”最通用，直接对比两件事“本应是……，结果却……”带一点意外/转折的语气“没有……，反而……”强调“事与愿违”Instead of replying to the letter, he visited us.他没有回那封信，而是来看我们了。Instead of asking for a lift, she caught a bus.她没有请求搭便车，而是坐了公共汽车。Instead of leaving a note, she wrote me an email. 她没有留便条，而是给我发了一封邮件。63.give up doing sth 放弃做某事They're already given up keeping order 他们已经放弃维持秩序She must give up looking for a better job 她必须放弃寻找一个更好的工作64.not even 的意思和用法not even = “连……都不 / 甚至连……也没有”它用来强调 “最不可能 / 最简单 / 最基本的事情都没发生”，从而加强否定语气。I never catch anything-not even old boots64.worry sb. 使...担心/让...发愁worry 有两种身份，意思不同，用法也不同：词性含义结构示例及物动词（本句用法）使……担心 / 让……发愁worry + 人This worries me.不及物动词（自己担心）担心 / 发愁worry about + 物/人I worry about you.65.afraid 害怕结构含义示例中文afraid of + 名词/动名词害怕某物/害怕做某事I'm afraid of dogs.我怕狗。afraid to do害怕去做（因担心后果）She's afraid to speak in public.她害怕在公众面前说话。afraid that + 句子恐怕……（委婉语气）I'm afraid that I can't come.恐怕我来不了了。afraid of doing 和 afraid to do 的区别（重点）这两者中文都翻译成“害怕做某事”，但侧重点不同：结构含义侧重点afraid of doing害怕某事会发生（担心结果）担心“这件事本身”afraid to do害怕去做（因后果不敢）担心“做这件事的后果”对比示例：句子含义逻辑I'm afraid of falling off the bike.我怕会从自行车上摔下来。担心“摔”这个结果发生I'm afraid to ride a bike.我不敢骑自行车。因为怕摔，所以不敢骑简单判断方法：如果重点是“不敢做” → 用 afraid to do如果重点是“担心会发生” → 用 afraid of doing66.mad at/about一、核心含义总览含义语气常用结构生气的口语常用be mad at / about / with着迷的 / 狂热的口语be mad about / for疯狂的字面或夸张drive sb mad / go mad二、三种核心用法用法结构含义示例中文生气be mad at + 人生某人的气I'm mad at you.我在生你的气。生气be mad about + 事对某事生气She's mad about the delay.她对延误很生气。着迷be mad about + 物/人对……非常着迷He's mad about football.他对足球非常着迷。着迷be mad for + 物/人对……狂热（较旧式）She's mad for him.她为他疯狂。疯狂go mad发疯 / 气疯I'll go mad.我会疯掉的。疯狂drive sb mad把某人逼疯You drive me mad.你把我逼疯了。三、be mad at / about / with 的区别（最容易搞混）结构后面接什么含义示例be mad at人生某人的气I'm mad at him.be mad with人（较少用）生某人的气（英式）She's mad with me.be mad about事 / 物 / 人对……生气 或 对……着迷看语境决定区分方法：如果后面是“人” → 用 mad at（生气）如果后面是“事” → 用 mad about（生气）如果后面是“物/活动/人”且语气兴奋 → mad about（着迷）四、短语和固定搭配短语含义示例中文go mad发疯 / 气疯I'll go mad if I wait any longer.再等下去我要疯了。drive sb mad把某人逼疯This noise is driving me mad.这噪音要把我逼疯了。mad about sth对……着迷She's mad about dancing.她对跳舞着迷。mad at sb生某人的气Don't be mad at me.别生我的气。mad with + 情绪因……而发狂mad with grief / anger悲痛/愤怒得发狂五、常用搭配对比表搭配含义语气mad at + 人生某人的气口语常用mad about + 事对某事生气 / 对某事物着迷看语境mad about + 物/活动对……着迷积极、热情go mad发疯口语夸张drive sb mad把某人逼疯口语夸张六、一句话记住生人气，用 mad at； 生事气，用 mad about；着迷、喜欢到疯，也用 mad about。靠语境判断发疯用 go mad，逼疯用 drive sb mad。67.be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事I am determined to succeeddetermine 动词 决心They determined to start early 他们下定决心开始早起，这里指过去式68.dream of/about sb/sth 梦到某人/某事dream about sb 梦见某人I dreamed about you last nightdream of sth 梦见某事She dreams of running her own businesshave a dream 做了一个梦dream of doing sth 梦想做某事I dreamed of flying to New York a lotShe dreamed of taking part in the new playnever dream of... 从未想到会...69.at one's age在某人的年纪 / the age of 在多少岁at my age....在我的年纪At your age, you could get angry easily 在你这个年纪，你可能很容易生气At my father's age, he gets up very early在我父亲这个年纪，他起的会非常早短语含义范围at the age of在……岁时精确值（正好那个岁数）over the age of超过……岁大于（不包括本身）under the age of未满……岁小于（不包括本身）He left school at the age of 18Children over the age of 12 must pay fullPeople over the age of 65 get a discount.Children under the age of 12 travel free.70.throw 抛throw to 扔throw at 砸throw sth away 扔掉、丢弃、抛弃 某物I don't need that - you can throw it awayThat old chair should be thrown awayThe book must have been thrown awayInstead of throwing away the old clothes, she gave them to the poor people71.each other彼此love each other 爱彼此like each other 喜欢彼此write to each other 写信给彼此72.think of sth 想...73.the only ...唯一的the only modern house in the district 该地区唯一现代的房子74.get a surprise 大吃一惊75.manage to do 设法做成...We manage to get to the airport in time76.upsetupset 作形容词时，表示人的情绪状态，常用结构：结构含义示例be upset感到难过/心烦She is upset.be upset about + 名/doing为……而难过I'm upset about the result.be upset over + 名/doing因……而心烦He was upset over losing his job.be upset with + 人对某人生气/不满She is upset with me.get upset变得难过/生气（强调变化）Don't get upset.例句：句子中文She looks upset.她看起来很沮丧。I'm upset about the delay.我为延误感到心烦。He is upset with his brother.他在生他哥哥的气。77.complain about sth 抱怨某时78.start to do sth. 开始做某事He started to yell at the managerThey started to play jazz on the street79.并列连词1、and but or so同一主语情况下，主语不必重复He finished lunch and (he) went into the garden2、both...and either...or neither...norboth...and ...和...连接主语Both Leo and his girlfriend like to watch moviesBoth my wife and I are going to Pairs连接谓语He can both sing and dance连接宾语I can speak both English and Germaneither...or 二选一，要么A 要么B连接主语 动词are就近原则studentsEither the teacher or the sutdents are wrong 老师还是学生们错了连接谓语When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances连接宾语I want either this red one or that green oneneither...nor 既不是a也不是b连接主语 就近原则Neither dad nor mum are at home today连接谓语When the boy is sad, he neither sings nor dances连接谓语I want neither this one nor that one3.not only...but also 不仅...而且...连接主语Not only the doctor but also the patients don't know about it不仅医生，病人们也不知道这件事。连接谓语You must not only wash the dishes but sweep the floor as well = but also seep the floor你不仅必须洗碗，还必须扫地。Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor 莎士比亚不仅是一个作家，而且还是一个演员80.宾语从句一、什么是宾语从句？一个句子在另一个句子中充当宾语，就叫宾语从句。简单句（代词作宾语）宾语从句（句子作宾语）I love you.I think that he is right.主语 + 谓语 + 宾语主语 + 谓语 + 连接词 + 陈述句二、宾语从句的三要素要素说明连接词that / if / whether / 特殊疑问词（what / who / where / when / why / how / which）语序陈述句语序（主语 + 谓语）时态主句时态决定从句时态三、连接词的分类与用法that（陈述句）that 无实义，只起连接作用，口语中常省略。示例中文I think that he is a teacher.我认为他是老师。She said that she would come.她说她会来。if / whether（一般疑问句，表示“是否”）语序：疑问句 → 改为 陈述句语序直接问句宾语从句Is he a doctor?I want to know if he is a doctor.Will she come?I wonder if she will come.Have you seen it?I want to know if you have seen it.只可用 whether 的情况：情况示例后接 or notI wonder whether he will come or not.后接 to doI don't know whether to go.作介词宾语It depends on whether he agrees.特殊疑问词（what / who / where / when / why / how / which）语序：特殊疑问句 → 改为 陈述句语序直接问句宾语从句Who is he?I want to know who he is.Where were you?I want to know where you were.When will he come?I want to know when he will come.What books have you read?I want to know what books you have read.Which car does he like?I want to know which car he likes.四、时态规则规则一：主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要使用任意时态主句从句示例I think一般现在I think he is a teacher.I think一般过去I think he went there.I think现在完成I think she has left.I think一般将来I think he will come.规则二：主句是一般过去时，从句改为相应的过去时态直接引语（原句时态）间接引语（变为）示例一般现在一般过去"I am tired." → She said she was tired.一般过去过去完成"I went home." → She said she had gone home.现在完成过去完成"I have eaten." → She said she had eaten.一般将来过去将来"I will come." → She said she would come.现在进行过去进行"I am reading." → She said she was reading.规则三：情态动词的变化直接引语间接引语示例cancould"I can swim." → He said he could swim.willwould"I will go." → He said he would go.maymight"I may come." → He said he might come.be going towas/were going to / would"I am going to call." → He said he was going to call.五、否定前移主句动词为 think / believe / suppose / expect 等表示“观点”的动词时，否定移到主句。错误 ❌正确 ✅中文I think you are not right.I don't think you are right.我认为你不对。I believe he will not come.I don't believe he will come.我相信他不会来。特例：know 表示“知道”（事实），否定不前移。句子中文I know you are not right.我知道你不对。I don't know you are right.我不知道你是对的。六、识别方法模式示例及物动词 + 连接词 + 句子I think that he is right.及物动词 + sb. + 连接词 + 句子Tell me that you are ready.七、完整速查表项目内容定义句子作宾语连接词that / if / whether / wh-词语序陈述句语序（主语在前）主句现在时从句任意时态主句过去时从句相应过去时态情态动词变化can→could, will→would, may→might否定前移think / believe / suppose 等 + 否定移到主句识别方法及物动词 + 连接词 + 句子八、核心口诀宾语从句三要素：连接词、语序、时态。语序永远是陈述句。主句现在，从句随便；主句过去，从句跟着变。想表达“是否”用 if / whether；想表达“什么/谁/哪里”用 wh- 词。think / believe 否定往前移。81.in the same way that... 就像...一样in the same way that... = “就像……一样”、“以同样的方式……”英文中文I love my dog in the same way that I love my family.我爱我的狗，就像我爱我的家人一样。She talks to me in the same way that she talks to her friends.她和我说话，就像她和朋友说话一样。He drives in the same way that his dad drives.他开车的方式，和他爸爸一样。I make tea in the same way that my mom makes it.我泡茶的方式，和我妈妈一样。We learn English in the same way that we learn our mother tongue.我们学英语，就像我们学母语一样。She wears her hair in the same way that her sister does.她扎头发的方式，和她姐姐一样。82.putput up sth 搭建，建起..put out 扑灭put on 穿上 I put on my coatput up with sb 容忍某人put sth off 推迟83.begin to do / begin doiing 开始做某事began to rain / gegan shouting84.creep into...爬进...crept into their tent 爬进他们的帐篷85.leap out of...跳出...they leapt out of the tent 他们跳出了帐篷86.wind one's way蜿蜒前行wind it's way 以蜿蜒的方式前行87.have trouble with sth. 在……方面有困难have trouble with + 名词/代词= 在某事/某物上有麻烦、有困难中文翻译：在……方面有困难 / ……有问题结构示例中文have trouble with + 物I have trouble with math.我数学有问题。have trouble with + 人She has trouble with her boss.她和老板有矛盾。have trouble with + 机器/设备He has trouble with his computer.他的电脑出问题了。have trouble with + 身体部位I have trouble with my back.我背不舒服。注意：with 后面接名词或代词，不接动词。have trouble doing 做某事有困难结构含义后接什么have trouble with + 名词在某方面有麻烦名词have trouble doing做某事有困难动名词（-ing）对比示例：句子中文结构I have trouble with English.我英语有问题。with + 名词I have trouble speaking English.我说英语有困难。doing（动名词）She has trouble with her computer.她的电脑出问题了。with + 名词She has trouble using her computer.她用电脑有困难。doing（动名词）一句话区分：with + 名词 → 具体“什么东西”出问题了doing → 做这个动作本身“有困难”88.定语从句先行词 + 关系词 + 陈述句先行词被修饰的词（关系代词）人who / whom(过时)/that(通用)物/事which/that(通用)人/物 某人的/某物的whose时间when地点where原因why先行词做主语用who，先行词做宾语用whom定语从句的关系词每一个都作成分，包括that关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略（只针对人或事物）I have a class which/that begins at 8:00 am 事物选择which/that ，由于作主语不能省略The lawyer whome my brother called didn't answer the phone whoe作宾语，可以省略My daughter asked me a question which I couldn't answer which作宾语，可以省略Leo is the student whose bike was stolen 某人的，非人或事物不能省略I lost the book which/that I borrowed from the library last week which/that 可以省略The women (who/that/whome)I saw in the park was feeding pigeonsI cannot remember the day when we met last time 我记不起上一次我们是什么时候碰面的89.be able to 能够...he has not been able to get his own car into his garage90.believe in... 相信...I believe in ancient myths 我相信古神话91.turn...to...把...变成...tuen cars to stone把车变成石头92.分词作定语一、什么是分词作定语？分词作定语 = 用一个“动词变来的形容词”修饰名词，说明这个名词“正在做什么”或“被怎么样了”。简单形容词分词作定语a red flower（红色的花）a falling flower（正在掉落的花）a big tree（大树）a fallen tree（倒下的树）分词作定语，本质上就是把动词变成形容词来用。你不需要背“分词”这个概念，只需要记住：-ing 和 -ed 是动词的两种“形容词变身法”。二、核心区别：-ing 和 -ed 到底怎么选？一个词就够了：看这个名词是“主动做”还是“被动承受”。分词形式含义名词的角色-ing（现在分词）“正在……的” / “令人……的”名词是动作的发出者（主动）-ed（过去分词）“被……的” / “已经……的”名词是动作的承受者（被动）用中文感受一下：falling snow = 正在飘落的雪（雪自己在落 → 主动 → -ing）fallen leaves = 落下来的叶子（叶子已经落了 → 完成 → -ed）boiling water = 正在沸腾的水（水自己在沸 → 主动 → -ing）boiled water = 烧开过的水（水被烧开过 → 被动/完成 → -ed）三、两条黄金法则法则一：主动用 -ing，被动用 -ed动作发出者用示例名词主动发出动作-inga barking dog（一只正在叫的狗）名词被动承受动作-eda broken window（一扇被打碎的窗户）法则二：进行用 -ing，完成用 -ed动作状态用示例动作正在发生-ingrising sun（正在升起的太阳）动作已经完成-edfallen leaves（已经落下的叶子）四、单个分词 vs 分词短语（位置规律）类型位置示例中文单个分词放名词前面a sleeping baby一个正在睡觉的婴儿分词短语放名词后面a baby sleeping in the room一个在房间里睡觉的婴儿为什么会这样？单个分词很短，放前面不碍事。分词短语很长，放后面更自然。五、分词短语 = 定语从句的省略版分词短语作定语，本质上就是定语从句的简化：定语从句分词短语怎么省略的The man who is standing there is my uncle.The man standing there is my uncle.删 who isThe book which was written by Lu Xun is famous.The book written by Lu Xun is famous.删 which wasThe snow which is falling outside is heavy.The snow falling outside is heavy.删 which is规律：从句是主动时 → 删 who/which + be，保留 -ing从句是被动时 → 删 who/which + be，保留 -ed六、一张图看懂所有规律动词原形-ing 形式-ed 形式fall（落）falling snow（正在飘落的雪）fallen leaves（已落的叶子）boil（沸腾）boiling water（正在沸腾的水）boiled water（烧开过的水）develop（发展）developing countries（发展中国家）developed countries（发达国家）excite（使激动）exciting news（令人激动的消息）excited people（感到激动的人）break（打破）—（不常用）a broken cup（破碎的杯子）crowd（拥挤）—（不常用）a crowded room（拥挤的房间）七、课文中的实际例子课文原句分词修饰谁为什么用这个形式a small Swiss aeroplane called a ‘Pilatus Porter’calledaeroplane飞机被叫作……（被动 → -ed）on a ploughed fieldploughedfield田地被耕过了（被动/完成 → -ed）a deserted car parkdesertedcar park停车场被废弃了（被动/完成 → -ed）八、一句话记住动词想当形容词，-ing / -ed 来帮忙。-ing 表主动，名词自己干；-ed 表被动，名词被干完。单独放前面，短语放后面；定语从句想简化，删 who/which 加 be，-ing / -ed 留中间。93.表语从句一个句子作表语，在be动词后写法：同宾语从句The question is when he will arrive here94.fly to结构词性示例中文fly + 人 + to + 地点及物I flew her to Beijing.我载她飞往北京。fly to + 地点不及物I flew to Beijing.我飞往北京。fly + 飞机及物I fly a plane.我驾驶飞机。95.Once..., and on another occasion, ...一次……另一次……96.called out to 对...大声叫喊some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat97.sight 眼界、视域与 in / out of 搭配（表示是否能看见）短语含义示例in sight在视野内，看得见There was no one in sight.out of sight在视野外，看不见The ship was out of sight.catch sight of看见（短暂地瞥见）I caught sight of her in the crowd.lose sight of看不见了I lost sight of him in the dark.98.结果状语从句抽象概念具象化 / 强调原因The wind was very strongThe wind was so strong that we could harly move forwardso + adj./adv. + thatsuch + n./NP + that一、什么是结果状语从句？结果状语从句 = 表示“因为前面的事，导致了什么结果”。回答的是：“所以呢？然后呢？”主句（原因/条件）结果状语从句The ball struck him so hardthat he nearly fell into the water.“球打中了他，力量很大”“他差点掉进水里”二、核心结构（3种常用）so + 形容词/副词 + that“如此……以至于……”结构示例中文so + 形容词 + thatThe box is so heavy that I can't carry it.这个箱子重得我搬不动。so + 副词 + thatHe ran so fast that nobody could catch him.他跑得没人能追上。so + 形容词 + that（课文原句）The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.球打中了他，力量很大，他差点掉进水里。such + 名词短语 + that“如此……以至于……”（强调“什么样的人/物”）结构示例中文such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + thatShe is such a kind person that everyone likes her.她是一个这么善良的人，大家都喜欢她。such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + thatThey are such beautiful flowers that I want to buy them.它们是这么美的花，我想买下来。such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + thatIt is such good weather that we can go out.天气这么好，我们可以出去。so many / so much + 名词 + that“如此多……以至于……”结构示例中文so many + 复数名词 + thatThere were so many people that we couldn't get in.有这么多人，我们进不去。so much + 不可数名词 + thatI had so much work that I stayed up all night.我有这么多工作，熬了一整夜。三、so...that 和 such...that 的区别对比so...thatsuch...that后面跟什么形容词 / 副词名词短语判断方法后面是描述程度的词后面是描述人或物的词示例so hard that...such a kind person that...示例so fast that...such beautiful flowers that...规律：so 后面跟着“怎么样的”such 后面跟着“什么样的什么”四、简化版判断口诀so 后接形/副，such 后接名词。有 a/an + 形 + 名 → 用 such（such a kind person）只有形，没有名 → 用 so（so kind）五、全文总结表结构用法示例so + 形/副 + that修饰程度so hard that...such + 名词短语 + that修饰人/物such a kind person that...so many/much + 名词 + that修饰数量so many people that...99.retire from sth. 退休She retired from teaching.她从教学岗位上退休了。100.business company firm公司business 小公司company 全firm 服务101.uni bi tri 一二三unicycle 独轮车bicycle 自行车tricycle 三轮车102.save for sth 攒钱买...I'm saving for a new bike103.be enployed in doing sth正忙于做某事 / 从事于……表示某人把时间花在某件事上，相当于“忙着做……”in 是介词，后面必须接动名词（-ing），不接动词原形。She is employed in writing a novel.她正忙于写一本小说。He was employed in painting the house.他正忙于给房子刷漆。employed 在这里已经不是“雇佣”的意思了，而是“投入/忙碌”的意思。它已经被固化成了一个状态词，像 busy 一样，失去了被动含义。104.used to + 动词原型 过去常常做某事（但现在不做了）强调今昔对比：过去是那样，现在已经不是了。例句句子中文I used to live in London.我过去住在伦敦。（现在不在了）She used to be very shy.她过去很害羞。（现在不了）He used to smoke, but he quit.他过去抽烟，但戒了。否定形式形式示例中文didn't use toI didn't use to like coffee.我过去不喜欢咖啡。（现在喜欢）used not to（正式）He used not to go out at night.他过去晚上不出去。疑问形式形式示例中文Did + 主语 + use to...?Did you use to play the piano?你过去弹钢琴吗？Used + 主语 + to...?（正式）Used she to be a teacher?她过去是老师吗？和 be used to 的区别（最容易混淆）结构含义后接used to do过去常常做（现在不做了）动词原形be used to doing习惯于做……动名词（-ing）be used to do被用来做……动词原形（被动）对比例句句子含义I used to get up early.我过去早起。（现在不早起了）I am used to getting up early.我习惯早起了。（现在习惯了）This knife is used to cut bread.这把刀被用来切面包。105.in sb's twenties在某人二十多岁的时候106temptation n.诱惑can't resist the temptation to do 不能抵挡诱惑去做某事They couldn't resist the temp tation to have the apple 他们忍不住诱惑吃了苹果I couldn't resist the temptation to open the present 我抵不住诱惑打开了礼物tempt v诱惑tempt sb into doing sth. 诱惑某人做某事107.wrap sth up 把...包起来wrap it up! 闭嘴；别说了zip it 闭嘴shut up闭嘴108.arrest“逮捕、拘捕”（动词/名词）动词用法基本结构arrest + 人 = “逮捕某人”例句中文The police arrested the thief.警察逮捕了那个小偷。She was arrested for stealing.她因偷窃被捕了。被动语态（非常常用）be arrested = “被捕”例句中文He was arrested yesterday.他昨天被捕了。The man was arrested by the police.那个人被警察逮捕了。常见搭配搭配含义例句arrest + 人逮捕某人The police arrested him.be arrested for + 罪名因……被捕She was arrested for theft.be arrested on + 指控因……被捕（正式）He was arrested on charges of fraud.名词用法结构含义例句make an arrest实施逮捕The police made several arrests.under arrest被捕、在押He is under arrest.place sb under arrest逮捕某人The officer placed him under arrest.109.比较状语从句I am tiredA dos is tiredI am as tired as a dog 我累得和狗一样I am dog-tiredas + adj./adv. +as 和...一样他跳的和女孩一样好He dances beautifullyThe girls dance beautifullyHe dances as beautifully as the girls你和十年前一样美You are prettyYou were pretty 10 years agoYou are as pretty as you were 10 years agoA is as ... as B A和B一样...Mr.Wu is as cool as Mr.WangThis watch is as expensive as the car 这块手表He那辆汽车一样贵This book is as interesting as that movie这本书和那部电影一样有趣A is not as ... as B A不及B...My car is not as new as your car 我的车不及你的心A is not as happy as B A不及B开心A is not as cool as B A不及B帅A is not as interesting as B A不及B有趣She is not as fat as before 她不像以前那样胖She is not as young as before 她不像以前那样年轻110.It is easy for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是容易的。句子中文It is easy for me to learn English.对我来说学英语是容易的。It is easy for her to solve this problem.对她来说解决这个问题是容易的。It is easy for children to learn new things.对孩子来说学新东西是容易的。It is easy for you to say that.对你来说说那个是容易的。和其他结构的对比结构含义说明It is easy for sb. to do.对某人来说做某事容易强调“对谁来说”It is easy to do.做某事容易不强调对象Sb. is easy to do.某人容易做……主语是人（较少用）111.hand sth to sb 把某物递给某人结构拆解动词直接宾语（物）介词间接宾语（人）handsthtosb等价结构hand sb sth结构示例中文hand sth to sbShe handed the book to me.她把书递给我。hand sb sthShe handed me the book.她把书递给我。两种结构意思完全相同，hand sb sth 更简洁、更常用。例句句子中文Please hand this letter to your teacher.请把这封信递给你的老师。She handed me a cup of tea.她递给我一杯茶。He handed his ID card to the guard.他把身份证递给保安。Hand it to me.把它递给我。112. v. + as quickly as possible尽可能快地We must wrap these presents up as quickly as possible.They have put up the tent as quickly as possible.Please park your car as quickly as possible.113.explain sth to sb向某人解释某事It was difficult to explain the problem to beginners114.介词时间 at on in介词核心含义时间范围at一个精确的时间点最小（时刻）on一个具体的某一天中等（日期/星期）in一个模糊的时间段最大（月/年/季节）at —— 具体时间点用法示例钟点at 7 o'clock / at 8:30固定时间点at noon / at midnight / at dawn固定搭配at night（注意不是 in）特定时刻at the moment / at the same timeon —— 具体某一天 / 某一天的某时段用法示例星期几on Monday / on Tuesday日期on May 1st / on June 5th节日（具体某天）on Christmas Day / on my birthday某一天的上午/下午/晚上on Monday morning / on the afternoon of June 5thin —— 模糊时间段（较长）用法示例年份in 2020 / in 1999月份in June / in January季节in spring / in summer一天中的时段（不具体哪天）in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening再过一段时间后in 20 minutesto —— 朝、向、往表示“朝着某个方向或目的地移动”用法示例中文去某地go to school去学校飞往fly to Beijing飞往北京走向walk to the door走向门方向turn to the right向右转递给hand it to me递给我对着speak to him对他说话from —— 从……起 / 从……来表示“起点、来源、出发点”用法示例中文来自某地come from China来自中国从某时起from Monday从周一开始从某处出发start from here从这里开始从某人那里get a gift from him从他那里得到礼物离开某处leave from the station从车站出发搭配含义from A to B从A到Bgo from here to there从这儿到那儿travel from London to Paris从伦敦到巴黎for ——去往目的地介词强调动作类型for强调“朝着某个最终目的地出发”多为“启程、动身”类动词to强调“实际到达某个具体地点”多为“移动、位移”类动词对比用 for用 tosail for（扬帆前往）sail to（驶向）set out for（动身前往）go to（去）start for（出发去）come to（来到）leave for（动身去）move to（搬到）make for（走向）run to（跑向） return to（回到） fly to（飞往） walk to（走向） drive to（开车去） ride to（骑车/骑马去）into 进入 某个空间out of 从某个空间出来115.happen to + 人/物 发生在……身上句子中文What happened to you?你怎么了？A strange thing happened to me.一件奇怪的事发生在我身上。What happened to your car?你的车怎么了？The accident happened to him.那场事故发生在他身上。I hope nothing bad happens to her.我希望没有坏事发生在她身上。116.be caught in核心含义“突然遇上……（天气/困境）”表示“意外地陷入”某种不好的情况，通常指天气或麻烦。例句句子中文We were caught in a heavy rain.我们遇上了一场大雨。I was caught in a traffic jam.我遇上了交通堵塞。She was caught in a storm.她遇上了暴风雨。He was caught in the middle of the argument.他被卷入了那场争论中。常见搭配搭配含义be caught in the rain遇到雨be caught in a storm遇到暴风雨be caught in a traffic jam遇到堵车be caught in a fire遇到火灾be caught in a crowd卷入人群117.regret doing sth / regret to do sth结构含义时间方向regret + doing后悔做过某事过去（已经做了）regret + to do遗憾地要做某事将来（还没做）regret + that 从句后悔/遗憾……看语境regret + 代词/名词事情/事物（不是动作）I regret it. / I regret the decision.对比（最重要的部分）结构含义例句中文regret + doing后悔做过I regret telling him the secret.我后悔告诉了他秘密。（已经告诉了）regret + to do遗憾地要做I regret to tell you the bad news.我遗憾地告诉你这个坏消息。（还没说，准备说）更多例句regret doing（后悔做过）句子中文She regretted leaving early.她后悔早走了。I regret buying this car.我后悔买了这辆车。He regretted not studying harder.他后悔没有更努力学习。2. regret to do（遗憾地要做）句子中文I regret to inform you that...我遗憾地通知你……She regretted to say goodbye.她遗憾地说再见。118.感官动词感官动词 + do/doingsee sb do 看到某人做了某事（完成）see sb doing 看到某人正在做某事（正在进行）sb be seen to do 被动语态一、什么是感官动词？感官动词 = 描述“看、听、感觉、闻、尝”等感官体验的动词。二、常见感官动词感官动词看see / watch / look at / notice / observe听hear / listen to感觉feel闻smell尝taste三、核心结构（主动语态）感官动词后面可以接两种形式，意思不同：结构含义侧重点感官动词 + 宾语 + 动词原形（do）看见/听见某人做了某事全过程（动作从开始到结束）感官动词 + 宾语 + 现在分词（doing）看见/听见某人正在做某事部分过程（动作正在进行中）四、对比示例句子含义强调I saw him cross the street.我看见他过了马路。看到全过程（从这边到那边）I saw him crossing the street.我看见他正在过马路。看到他在过马路的过程中I heard her sing a song.我听见她唱了一首歌。听到整首歌I heard her singing a song.我听见她正在唱歌。听到她在唱歌（片段）I watched him play football.我看见他踢了足球。看到整场比赛/全过程I watched him playing football.我看见他正在踢足球。看到他在踢球的过程中五、主动语态中不加 to正确 ✅错误 ❌I saw him go out.I saw him to go out.I heard her say it.I heard her to say it.I watched him play football.I watched him to play football.规则：感官动词主动语态中，后面永远不加 to。六、被动语态中必须加 to感官动词在主动语态中不加 to，但在被动语态中必须加 to。语态结构示例主动see + 人 + 动词原形I saw him go out.被动be seen + to doHe was seen to go out.主动hear + 人 + 动词原形I heard her sing.被动be heard + to doShe was heard to sing.七、被动语态对比（注意：不加 to 是错的）被动句子是否正确He was seen to go out.✅ 正确（必须加 to）He was seen go out.❌ 错误（被动缺少 to）She was heard to sing a song.✅ 正确She was heard sing a song.❌ 错误They were watched to play football.✅ 正确They were watched play football.❌ 错误八、完整速查表感官动词主动（+ 宾语 + do）主动（+ 宾语 + doing）被动（+ to do）seesee sb dosee sb doingbe seen to dowatchwatch sb dowatch sb doingbe watched to dohearhear sb dohear sb doingbe heard to dofeelfeel sb dofeel sb doingbe felt to donoticenotice sb donotice sb doingbe noticed to do单词扩展attention 注意pay attention to sb./sh. 注意（付出注意）We pay attention to the new words 我们注意这些新的单词They did not pay any attention 他们没有注意May I have your attention, please? 请大家注意一下/请注意听我说（我可以拥有你的注意吗）attention 注意Attention, please. 请注意attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意catch one's attention 吸引某人的注意（抓住）draw one‘s attention 吸引某人的注意（牵引/拉回来）until 直到until lunchtime 直到午饭时间until now 直到现在until recently 直到最近until the last moment 直到最后一刻send v.寄、送send a card / a message / alettersend me a card = send a card to mesend sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.spoil damage v.损坏不是真正的损坏，而是精神层面的损坏Postcard always spoil my holidaysdamage 损坏，可以修复的损坏destroy 彻底损坏(大范围，瞬间，猛烈的坏了)ruin 彻底损坏(一点点损坏)public adj.公共的public gardens / schools / opinionsn. 公众，大众The museum is open to the public on Sundayslend v.借给lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sblend me a book = lend a book to melend 借出 / borrow 借入teach v.教teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb.receive v.接收，收到receive 接收，收到accept v.接受I received an invitation, but I didn't accept it 我收到了一封请柬，我不想接受它message n.信息urgent messages 紧急消息short messages 短信send / receive / get / leave + a message 发送 收到 收到 留下 一个 消息distance n.距离distant adj.遥远的 ce变tdifference n.不同，差异different adj.不同的importance n.重要important adj.重要的confidentce n.信心confident adj.有信心的convenience n.方便convenien adj.方便的hand 指针、传递、手n.（表或机器的）指针minute handhour handsecond handv. 传递 hand sth. to sb.refuse v.拒绝refuse sb. / sth 拒绝某人/某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事refuse to welcome the New Year笑laugh 大小smile 微笑turn 行为、旋转、变得n. 行为、举止n. 轮流的机会 my turn had comev. 旋转 turn left/right/roundv. 变得 Her face turned redluck 运气、幸运good luck 好运气bad luck 坏运气meet 遇见、迎接...遇见、遇到Where did you meet Joe?We met at a restaurant和......会面，迎接Most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the stationWho will be meeting you when you arrive in London?和...相识 / 见面I'd like to meet your brother 我想认识你兄弟Very pleased to meet you 认识您非常高兴present n. 现在/礼物lift n. 搭便车ask (sb.) for a liftreply v. 回答reply to sb./sth.answer sb./sth.catch v.抓住我们的猫不擅长抓老鼠Our cat is not good at catching mice这个人没被抓到The man is not caughtreason n.原因For some reason 由于某种原因for no reason 毫无原有的/无缘无故for personal reasons 出于私人原因rock 岩石、可信赖的人，靠山He is my rock 她是我的靠山struggle v 挣扎、斗争、抗争、奋斗既是移动、行进 又是困难Paul struggled out of his wheelchair 保罗挣扎着下了轮椅I struggled up the hill with the heavy bagsstruggle against sb/sth 同某人/某事做斗争He struggled against cancer for two yeats 他同癌症作斗争两年了量词a parcel of... 一包....a parcel of diamondsa valuable parcel of diamondsa group of... 一组...a group of people 一组人a group of pop singer 一组流行歌手a sum of... 一笔...a large sum of money 一大笔钱短语短语中文got angry变得生气turn round = turn around转身none of your business.不关你的事pay any attention在意/注意a great number of...+可数复数许多，大量a large number of...+可数复数许多，大量a great many = many +可数名词复数 a great deal of...+不可数 a great number of different places in Australia up to now截止到现在in this way用这种方法in the way挡路了on the way（to school）去...的路上by the way顺便说一句in a way从某种程度上来说To one's surprise令...惊奇的是every time每次a large crowd of people一大群人In spite of this尽管这样despite = In spite of come into use投入使用no wonder怪不得/难怪believe in相信……的存在ever since自从have trouble with在……方面有麻烦because of因为be able to能够put up张贴have effect有效果turn...to stone把……变成石头one of + 最高级 + 复数名词最……之一none of……中没有一个since then自从那时 现在完成不规则变化的动词原型过去式过去分词现在进行gowentgone havehadhad dodiddone bewas/werebeen sitsatsatsittinggetgotgot/gottengettingpaypaidpaid bearboreborne saysaidsaid ringrangrung singsangsung drinkdrangdrunk swimswamswum beginbeganbegun thinkthoughtthought comecamecomecomingsendsentsent lendlentlent understandunderstoodunderstood spoilspoiledspoiled spoilspoiltspoilt teachtaughttaught readreadread makemademademakingbuyboughtbought spendspentspent writewrotewrittenwritingfindfoundfound standstoodstood givegavegiven eatateeaten putputput telltoldtold knowknewknown trytriedtriedtryingstealstolestolen taketooktakentakingkeepkeptkept winwonwonwinninggrowgrewgrown buildbuiltbuilt strikestruckstruck breakbrokebroken meetmetmet setsetsetsettingleaveleftleftleavingdrivedrovedrivendrivingspeakspokespoken learnlearnedlearned learntlearnt feelfeltfelt letletletlettingcatchcaughtcaught runranrunrunningstealstolestolen throwthrewthrown hanghunghung windwoundwound wakewoke/wakedwoken/woked/woke leapleaptleapt windwoundwound flyflewflown fall跌倒fellfellen strike击、撞struckstruck/stricken 介词介词of / from / in / onofdream / think想 / beware小心 / despair对...绝望 / approve同意 of doing / get rid 摆脱 / consist由...组成 / hear 听说过... / smell 闻 + ofaccuse 指责 / suspect 怀疑 / assure 保证 / cure 治疗 sb + of逻辑类别动词含义常用搭配示例中文思维/感官dream梦见、梦想dream of + 名/doingI dream of traveling.我梦想旅行。 think想、考虑think of + 名/doingI thought of you.我想到了你。 hear听说hear of + 名I've never heard of him.我从没听说过他。 smell闻到……的气味smell of + 名The room smells of roses.房间里散发着玫瑰味。情感/态度be afraid害怕be afraid of + 名/doingI'm afraid of dogs.我怕狗。 be proud骄傲be proud of + 名She is proud of you.她为你骄傲。 be ashamed羞愧be ashamed of + 名He is ashamed of his behavior.他为自己的行为感到羞愧。 be tired厌倦be tired of + 名/doingI'm tired of waiting.我厌倦了等待。 be fond喜欢be fond of + 名/doingShe is fond of music.她喜欢音乐。 despair对……绝望despair of + 名/doingHe despaired of ever seeing her again.他对再见到她感到绝望。 approve赞成、同意approve of + 名/doingI don't approve of smoking.我不赞成吸烟。指责/怀疑accuse指责accuse + 人 + of + 名/doingHe accused me of lying.他指责我撒谎。 suspect怀疑suspect + 人 + of + 名/doingShe suspects him of stealing.她怀疑他偷东西。保证/治疗convince使确信convince + 人 + of + 名I convinced him of my innocence.我使他相信我是清白的。 assure向……保证assure + 人 + of + 名He assured me of his support.他向我保证他的支持。 cure治愈cure + 人 + of + 病The doctor cured him of his disease.医生治好了他的病。 rid摆脱rid + 人/物 + of + 名She rid herself of bad habits.她改掉了坏习惯。构成/组成consist由……组成consist of + 名The team consists of five members.这个团队由五个人组成。其他get rid摆脱get rid of + 名I need to get rid of this old chair.我得处理掉这把旧椅子。 beware小心beware of + 名Beware of the dog.小心狗。 warn警告、提醒warn sb of + 名He warned me of the danger.他警告我注意危险。 warn sb against + 名/doingShe warned him against driving too fast.她警告他不要开太快。fromemerge出现 / differ 与...不同 / suffer遭遇...痛苦 / escape + fromwithdraw 取 / protect保护 / separate 把...分开 / expect期盼 / dismiss开除 / prohibit禁止 / borrow 借出 + sb/sth from逻辑类别动词含义常用搭配示例中文来源/出处come来自come from + 名She comes from China.她来自中国。 originate起源于originate from + 名The idea originated from him.这个想法源于他。 derive源于、获得derive from + 名The word derives from Latin.这个词源于拉丁语。 hear收到来信/消息hear from + 人I heard from him yesterday.我昨天收到他的来信。 expect期望、指望expect from + 名/人I expect nothing from you.我不指望你什么。 borrow借入borrow + 物 + from + 人I borrowed a pen from him.我向他借了一支笔。分离/远离escape逃离、逃脱escape from + 名He escaped from prison.他越狱了。 withdraw提取、退出withdraw + 物/人 + from + 名She withdrew some money from the bank.她从银行取了一些钱。 separate把……分开separate + 物/人 + from + 名He separated the egg white from the yolk.他把蛋白和蛋黄分开了。 dismiss开除、解雇dismiss + 人 + from + 名He was dismissed from his job.他被开除了。 prohibit禁止prohibit + 人/物 + from + 名/doingThey prohibited him from entering.他们禁止他进入。 prevent阻止、防止prevent + 人/物 + from + 名/doingThe rain prevented us from going out.雨阻止了我们出门。 keep阻止、使不keep + 人/物 + from + 名/doingThe noise kept me from sleeping.噪音让我无法入睡。 stop阻止stop + 人/物 + from + 名/doingShe stopped him from making a mistake.她阻止了他犯错。 ban禁止ban + 人/物 + from + 名/doingThey banned him from the library.他们禁止他进图书馆。保护/免于protect保护protect + 人/物 + from + 名This sunscreen protects you from the sun.这款防晒霜保护你免受日晒。 save拯救、免于save + 人/物 + from + 名He saved the child from drowning.他救了那个孩子，免于溺水。 defend保卫defend + 人/物 + from + 名The army defends the country from attack.军队保卫国家免受攻击。 shelter遮蔽shelter + 人/物 + from + 名We sheltered ourselves from the rain.我们躲避了雨。差异/不同differ与……不同differ from + 名His idea differs from mine.他的想法和我的不同。出现/显现emerge出现、浮现emerge from + 名The sun emerged from behind the clouds.太阳从云层后面出现了。遭受/痛苦suffer遭受suffer from + 名/病She suffers from headaches.她头痛。排除/禁止exclude排除exclude + 人/物 + from + 名They excluded him from the team.他们把他排除在队伍之外。 remove移除remove + 物/人 + from + 名Please remove your shoes from the table.请把你的鞋从桌子上拿走。