第1句
原文:When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing.
中文翻译: 当一架从伦敦来的飞机抵达悉尼机场时,工人们开始卸下一些装衣服的木箱子。
| 成分 | 内容 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 时间状语从句 | When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport | 一般过去时 |
| 主句 | workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes | 一般过去时 |
| 定语从句 | which contained clothing | 一般过去时(修饰 boxes) |
时态解析:
| 动词 | 时态 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| arrived | 一般过去时 | 飞机抵达(过去动作) |
| began | 一般过去时 | 工人们开始(过去动作) |
| contained | 一般过去时 | 箱子装着衣服(过去状态) |
词法点:
| 词组/单词 | 用法 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| from London | 从伦敦来的 | 介词短语作定语,修饰 plane |
| arrived at | 抵达(小地点) | arrive at + 机场/车站;arrive in + 城市/国家 |
| Sydney airport | 悉尼机场 | 专有名词 |
| began to unload | 开始卸货 | begin to do = 开始做某事 |
| a number of | 一些/若干 | 修饰可数名词复数 |
| wooden boxes | 木箱子 | wooden = 木制的(形容词) |
| which contained clothing | 装着衣服的 | which 指代 boxes,在定语从句中作主语 |
定语从句 which contained clothing:
wooden boxes which contained clothing
= 装着衣服的木箱子which 在从句中作主语,不能省略。
第2句
原文:No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy.
中文翻译: 没有人能解释这个事实:其中一个箱子非常重。
| 成分 | 内容 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 主语 | No one | 没有人 |
| 谓语 | could account for | 一般过去时(情态动词) |
| 宾语 | the fact | 这个事实 |
| 同位语从句 | that one of the boxes was extremely heavy | 一般过去时(解释 fact 的内容) |
时态解析:
| 动词 | 时态 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| could account for | 一般过去时(情态动词) | 能够解释(过去能力) |
| was | 一般过去时 | 箱子很重(过去状态) |
词法点:
| 词组/单词 | 用法 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| No one | 没有人 | 作主语,谓语用单数 |
| account for | 解释/说明 | 固定短语 |
| the fact that... | ……这个事实 | that 引导同位语从句 |
| one of the boxes | 其中一个箱子 | one of + 复数名词 |
| extremely heavy | 非常重 | extremely = 极其(副词修饰形容词) |
同位语从句 that one of the boxes was extremely heavy:
the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy
= 其中一个箱子非常重这个事实that 引导同位语从句,解释 fact 的具体内容。
第3句
原文:It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box.
中文翻译: 其中一个工人突然想到把箱子打开。
| 成分 | 内容 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 形式主语 | It | 指代不定式 |
| 谓语 | suddenly occurred to | 一般过去时 |
| 真正主语 | to open up the box | 不定式短语 |
时态解析:
| 动词 | 时态 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| occurred to | 一般过去时 | 突然想到(过去动作) |
词法点:
| 词组/单词 | 用法 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| It occurred to sb to do | 某人突然想到做某事 | 固定句型 |
| suddenly | 突然地 | 副词,修饰 occurred |
| one of the workers | 其中一个工人 | 复数名词前用 one of |
| open up | 打开 | open up + 容器/箱子 |
occur to 的用法:
It occurred to me to call him.
= 我突然想到给他打电话。注意: occur to 的主语通常是想法或不定式,不是人。
❌ I occurred to open the box.
✅ It occurred to me to open the box.
第4句
原文:He was astonished at what he found.
中文翻译: 他对所发现的东西感到非常惊讶。
| 成分 | 内容 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 主语 | He | 他(指那个工人) |
| 谓语 | was astonished at | 一般过去时被动 |
| 宾语 | what he found | 名词性从句(what = 所……的东西) |
时态解析:
| 动词 | 时态 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| was astonished | 一般过去时被动 | 感到惊讶(过去状态) |
| found | 一般过去时 | 发现(过去动作) |
词法点:
| 词组/单词 | 用法 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| was astonished at | 对……感到惊讶 | be astonished at + 名词/从句 |
| what he found | 他所发现的东西 | what = the thing(s) that |
be astonished at 的用法:
I was astonished at the news.
= 我对这个消息感到惊讶。类似表达:surprised at / amazed at / shocked at
what 从句:
what he found
= the thing that he found
= 他所发现的东西
第5句
原文:A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woollen goods.
中文翻译: 一个男人正躺在箱子里的一堆毛织品上面。
| 成分 | 内容 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 主语 | A man | 一个男人 |
| 谓语 | was lying | 过去进行时 |
| 地点状语 | in the box | 在箱子里 |
| 地点状语 | on top of a pile of woollen goods | 在一堆毛织品上面 |
时态解析:
| 动词 | 时态 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| was lying | 过去进行时 | 正躺着(强调打开箱子时,他正躺着的状态) |
词法点:
| 词组/单词 | 用法 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| was lying | 正躺着 | lie 的过去进行时(躺) |
| on top of | 在……上面 | 固定短语 |
| a pile of | 一堆 | 修饰可数/不可数名词 |
| woollen goods | 毛织品/毛料商品 | woollen = 羊毛制的 |
过去进行时的作用:
A man was lying in the box.
= 一个男人正躺在箱子里。强调打开箱子时,那个男人是正在躺着的状态,有画面感。
lie 的三种意思:
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| lie | lay | lain | 躺/位于 |
| lie | lied | lied | 说谎 |
| lay | laid | laid | 放置/下蛋 |
本句的 lying 是“躺”的意思(lie 的现在分词)。
第6句
原文:He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away.
中文翻译: 他对被发现感到如此惊讶,以至于他甚至没有试图逃跑。
| 成分 | 内容 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 主句 | He was so surprised at being discovered | 一般过去时 |
| 结果状语从句 | that he did not even try to run away | 一般过去时(否定) |
时态解析:
| 动词 | 时态 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| was surprised | 一般过去时 | 感到惊讶(过去状态) |
| did not try | 一般过去时(否定) | 没有试图(过去动作) |
词法点:
| 词组/单词 | 用法 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| so + 形容词 + that | 如此……以至于…… | 结果状语从句 |
| at being discovered | 对被发现(这件事) | at + 动名词被动式 |
| did not even try | 甚至没有试图 | try to do = 试图做某事 |
| run away | 逃跑 | 固定短语 |
being discovered(动名词被动):
at being discovered
= 对“被发现”这件事结构:being + 过去分词 = 被动语态的动名词形式
对比:
- at discovering(主动:发现别人)
- at being discovered(被动:自己被别人发现)
so...that 结构:
He was so surprised that he did not even try to run away.
= 他惊讶到以至于没有试图逃跑。
第7句
原文:After he was arrested, the man admitted hiding in the box before the plane left London.
中文翻译: 他被逮捕之后,这个男人承认在飞机离开伦敦之前就躲进了箱子。
| 成分 | 内容 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 时间状语从句① | After he was arrested | 一般过去时被动 |
| 主句 | the man admitted hiding in the box | 一般过去时 |
| 时间状语从句② | before the plane left London | 一般过去时 |
时态解析:
| 动词 | 时态 | 时间线 |
|---|---|---|
| was arrested | 一般过去时被动 | 他被逮捕(过去动作) |
| admitted | 一般过去时 | 他承认(过去动作) |
| left | 一般过去时 | 飞机离开(过去动作) |
时间线:
[plane left London] → [man hid in the box] → [man was arrested] → [man admitted]
(飞机离开伦敦) (躲进箱子) (被逮捕) (承认)
词法点:
| 词组/单词 | 用法 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| After | 在……之后 | 引导时间状语从句 |
| was arrested | 被逮捕 | 被动语态(arrest = 逮捕) |
| admitted hiding | 承认躲藏 | admit + doing = 承认做了某事 |
| before | 在……之前 | 引导时间状语从句 |
admit doing 与 admit to doing:
| 结构 | 含义 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| admit doing | 承认做了某事 | admit + 动名词(本句用法) |
| admit to doing | 承认做了某事 | admit to + 动名词(也可用) |
| admit to do | ❌ 错误 | admit 后面不接不定式 |
本句用 admitted hiding,表示“承认躲藏了”。
第8句
原文:He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours.
中文翻译: 他经历了一次漫长而不舒服的旅行,因为他被限制在木箱里超过十八个小时。
| 成分 | 内容 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| 主句 | He had had a long and uncomfortable trip | 过去完成时 |
| 原因状语 | for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours | 过去完成时被动 |
时态解析:
| 动词 | 时态 | 时间线 |
|---|---|---|
| had had | 过去完成时 | 他经历了(在 admitted 之前已经完成) |
| had been confined | 过去完成时被动 | 他被限制(在 admitted 之前已经持续了18小时) |
时间线:
[had been confined for 18 hours] → [had had a trip] → [admitted]
(被关了18小时) (经历了一段旅程) (承认)
词法点:
| 词组/单词 | 用法 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| had had | 经历了 | 第一个 had 是助动词,第二个 had 是 have 的过去分词(“经历/拥有”) |
| long and uncomfortable | 漫长而不舒服的 | 多个形容词修饰 trip |
| for | 因为 | 并列连词,表补充原因(比 because 正式) |
| had been confined to | 被限制在 | confine to = 限制在……范围 |
| for over eighteen hours | 超过十八个小时 | for + 时间段 |
had been confined(过去完成时被动):
主动:Someone had confined him to the box.
被动:He had been confined to the box.
confine to 的用法:
confine sb to + 地点 = 把某人限制在某个地方
be confined to + 地点 = 被限制在某个地方
第9句
原文:The man was ordered to pay £3,500 for the cost of the trip. The normal price of a ticket is £2,000!
中文翻译: 这个男人被命令支付3,500英镑作为这次旅行的费用。一张票的正常价格是2,000英镑!
时态解析:
| 动词 | 时态 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| was ordered | 一般过去时被动 | 被命令(过去动作) |
| is | 一般现在时 | 正常价格是(客观事实,用现在时) |
词法点:
| 词组/单词 | 用法 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| was ordered to pay | 被命令支付 | order sb to do → 被动:be ordered to do |
| £3,500 | 3,500英镑 | 英镑符号 |
| for the cost of | 作为……的费用 | for + 费用/用途 |
| the normal price | 正常价格 | normal = 正常的 |
| a ticket | 一张票 | 可数名词 |
被动语态:was ordered to pay
主动:The judge ordered him to pay £3,500.
被动:He was ordered to pay £3,500.
课文的幽默点:
- 他偷渡花了 £3,500,而正常票价只有 £2,000。
- 他不但没省钱,反而更贵了——这就是标题 Expensive and uncomfortable(既昂贵又受罪)的含义。
📊 全课时态总结表
| 动词/短语 | 时态 | 作用 |
|---|---|---|
| arrived | 一般过去时 | 飞机抵达(过去动作) |
| began | 一般过去时 | 工人们开始(过去动作) |
| contained | 一般过去时 | 箱子装着衣服(过去状态) |
| could account for | 一般过去时(情态动词) | 能够解释(过去能力) |
| was (heavy) | 一般过去时 | 箱子很重(过去状态) |
| occurred to | 一般过去时 | 突然想到(过去动作) |
| was astonished | 一般过去时被动 | 感到惊讶(过去状态) |
| found | 一般过去时 | 发现(过去动作) |
| was lying | 过去进行时 | 正躺着(强调状态) |
| was surprised | 一般过去时 | 感到惊讶(过去状态) |
| did not try | 一般过去时(否定) | 没有试图 |
| was arrested | 一般过去时被动 | 被逮捕 |
| admitted | 一般过去时 | 承认 |
| left | 一般过去时 | 飞机离开 |
| had had | 过去完成时 | 经历了(在 admitted 之前) |
| had been confined | 过去完成时被动 | 被限制(在 admitted 之前) |
| was ordered | 一般过去时被动 | 被命令 |
| is | 一般现在时 | 正常价格是(客观事实) |
📌 全课高频固定搭配汇总
| 搭配 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| arrive at + 小地点 | 抵达…… |
| a number of | 一些/若干 |
| account for | 解释 |
| the fact that... | ……这个事实(同位语从句) |
| occur to sb to do | 某人突然想到做某事 |
| open up | 打开 |
| be astonished at | 对……感到惊讶 |
| on top of | 在……上面 |
| a pile of | 一堆 |
| so + 形容词 + that | 如此……以至于…… |
| be surprised at | 对……感到惊讶 |
| being discovered | 被发现(动名词被动) |
| run away | 逃跑 |
| be arrested | 被逮捕 |
| admit doing | 承认做了某事 |
| be confined to | 被限制在 |
| for + 时间段 | 持续……时间 |
| be ordered to do | 被命令做某事 |
| the cost of | ……的费用 |
🎯 课文核心语法总结
| 语法点 | 课文例句 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| ① 过去进行时 | A man was lying in the box. | 强调过去某时刻正在进行的动作 |
| ② 过去完成时 | He had had a long trip / had been confined | 表示“过去的过去” |
| ③ 被动语态 | was astonished / was arrested / was ordered | 过去发生的被动动作 |
| ④ 动名词被动 | at being discovered | 被发现的(这件事) |
| ⑤ 同位语从句 | the fact that one of the boxes was heavy | that 解释 fact 的内容 |
时态时间线全图:
过去完成时 过去进行时 一般过去时
(过去的过去) (过去正在) (叙述过去动作)
| | |
[被关18小时] → [飞机抵达] → [打开箱子] → [被发现] → [被逮捕] → [被罚款]
had been confined arrived opened up was discovered was arrested was ordered
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